Abstract
The purpose of this study was to help to inform policy development for the Australian rangelands, and provide a proof of concept for application of a multi-criteria analysis approach to assessment of competing resource use at continental scale. The study aimed to identify and locate key natural resource and agricultural production assets in the rangelands, define a number of measures of potentially threatening processes, and use a multi-criteria approach to identify areas where threatening processes, agricultural production problems, or valuable natural resources coincided. The analysis used 35 readily available, continental spatial data layers at 5-km pixel resolution ranked from 1 (low) to 5 (high) under three themed groupings: natural resource base, production base, and threatening processes. These measures were aggregated into composite indicators to define attributes such as environmental sensitivity and total grazing pressure. The composites were then compared in a two-way analysis to explore particular interactions between threatening processes such as pastoralism and mining, and the condition of production and natural resource assets. These interactions were defined as “tensions” for purposes of this analysis. Example “tensions” included the association of high grazing intensity with areas of high environmental sensitivity, indicating a risk of land degradation under adverse climatic conditions. A summary of patterns of tension was obtained by extracting area proportions of high-tension classes for selected Natural Heritage Trust Regions, which are a basis for Australian Government funding of improved environmental management. The study provides a basis for further examination of trade-offs in the use of natural assets, opportunities for improved productivity and sustainability, and social and economic implications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
ANZECC and ARMCANZ. 1996. Australia’s draft national strategy for rangeland management. Australian & New Zealand Environment & Conservation Council (ANZECC) and Agriculture & Resource Management Council Of Australia & New Zealand (ARMCANZ) Joint Working Group, Department of Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra
ANZECC and ARMCANZ. 1999. Managing Australia’s rangelands—national principles and guidelines for rangeland management. Australian & New Zealand Environment & Conservation Council (ANZECC) and Agriculture & Resource Management Council Of Australia & New Zealand (ARMCANZ), Canberra. http://www.mincos.gov.au/pdf/rangeland_management.pdf
AUSLIG. 1990. Atlas of Australian resources—vegetation. AUSLIG, Commonwealth of Australia
Barrett D. J. 2002. Steady state turnover time of carbon in the Australian terrestrial biosphere. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16:1108
Bastin, G., and the ACRIS Management Committee. 2004. ACRIS—tracking change in Australia’s rangelands. Paper to the 13th Biennial Australian Rangelands Conference, Alice Springs
Bollig M., A. Schulte. 1999. Environmental change and pastoral perceptions: Degradation and indigenous knowledge in two African pastoral communities. Human Ecology 27:493–514
Bui, E. (ed.). 1999. A soil information strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin (MDBSIS). Report to Murray Darling Basin Commission, project D5038, http://www.brs.gov.au/ mdbsis/publications.html
Bui, E. N., C. J. Moran, and D. A. P. Simon. 1998. New geotechnical maps for the Murray-Darling Basin. CSIRO land and water technical report 42/98, CSRIO, Australia
Centre for International Economics (CIE). 2000. The rangelands. A synthesis of three reports on sustainable resource management. Prepared for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Australia, Centre for International Economics, Canberra and Sydney, 37 pp
Chesson, J., and B. Whitworth. 2003. Options for developing indicator frameworks for agriculture and rangelands. An internal report to Natural Resources Management Business Unit, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra
Curtin C. G., N. F. Sayre, B. D. Lane. 2002. Transformations of the Chihuahuan Borderlands: Grazing, fragmentation and biodiversity conservation in desert grassland. Environmental Science and Policy 5:55–68
Dahlberg A. C. 2000. Interpretations of environmental change and diversity: A critical approach to indications of degradation—the case of Kalakamate, Northeast Botswana. Land Degradation and Development 11:549–562
Elliott J. A., M. Campbell. 2002. The environmental imprints and complexes of social dynamics in rural Africa: cases from Zimbabwe and Ghana. Geoforum 33:221–237
Giglio L., J. Descloitres, C. O. Justice, Y. J. Kaufman. 2003. An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 87:273–282
Graetz R. D., A. D. Wilson. 1984. Saltbush and bluebush. In: G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young (eds.), Management of Australia’s rangelands. CSIRO, Australia. Pages 209–222
Harrington G. N., A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young. 1984. Management of rangeland ecosystems. In: G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young (eds.), Management of Australia’s rangelands. CSIRO, Australia. Pages 3–13
Hill, M.J., R. Braaten, and G.M. McKeon. 2003. A spatial tool for evaluating the effect of grazing land management on carbon sequestration in Australian rangelands. Environmental Modelling and Software 18: 627–644
Hill M. J., R. Braaten, B. Lees, S. M. Veitch, S. Sharma. 2005a. Multi-criteria decision analysis in spatial decision support: the ASSESS analytic hierarchy process and the role of quantitative methods and spatially explicit analysis. Environmental Modelling and Software 20:955–976
Hill, M. J., S. J. Roxburgh, G. M. McKeon, J. O. Carter, and D. J. Barrett. 2005b. Analysis of soil carbon outcomes from interaction between climate and grazing pressure in Australian rangelands using Range-ASSESS. Environmental Modelling and Software (in press)
Hill, M. J., S. H. Roxburgh, J. Carter, and G. M. McKeon. 2005c. Carbon changes in response to grazing, drought and fire in savanna woodlands of Australia: A scenario approach using 100 years of simulated annual fire and grassland dynamics. Australian Journal of Botany 53:715–739
Hobbs, R. J., and S. McIntyre. 2005. Categorizing Australian landscapes as an aid to assessing the generality of landscape management guidelines. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14:1–15
James C. D. 2003. Response of vertebrates to fenceline contrasts in grazing intensity in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia. Austral Ecology 28:137–151
Jankowski P. 1995. Integrating geographical information systems and multi-criteria decision making methods. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 9:251–273
Jenness, J. 2004. Grid and theme regression (grid_regression.avx) extension for ArcView 3.x, v. 2. Jenness Enterprises. Available at: http://www.jennessent.com/arcview/regression.htm
Justice C. O., L. Giglio, S. Korontzi, J. Owens, J. T. Morisette, D. Roy, J. Descloitres, S. Alleaume, F. Petitcolin, Y. Kaufman. 2002. The MODIS fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment 83:244–262
Lake Eyre Basin Coordinating Group. 2000. Map of the Lake Eyre Basin. In: Lake Eyre Basin Strategic Plan. http://www.lakeeyrebasin.org.au/media/leb.pdf
Lake Eyre Basin Co–ordinating Group. 2003. Regional process support. The Lake Eyre Basin Co–ordinating Group Newsletter, Issue 27, December 2003. http://www. lakeeyrebasin.org.au/pages/page105.html#Anchor-Issu-64685
Lake Eyre Basin Coordinating Group. 2004. Milestones. Lake Eyre Basin Coordinating Group website http://www. lakeeyrebasin.org.au/pages/page69.html
Laughlin G. P., H. Zuo, J. Walcott, A. L. Bugg. 2003. The rainfall reliability wizard—a new tool to rapidly analyse spatial rainfall reliability with examples Environmental Modelling & Software 18:49–57
Lesslie, R., and M. Maslen. 1995. National Wilderness Inventory Australia. Handbook of procedures, content, and usage (2nd ed.). Australian Heritage Commission, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra
Ludwig J. A., M. B. Coughenour, A. C. Liedloff, R. Dyer. 2001. Modelling the resilience of Australian savanna systems to grazing impacts. Environment International 27:167–172
Ludwig J. A., D. J. Tongway, G. N. Bastin, C. D. James. 2004. Monitoring ecological indicators of rangeland functional integrity and their relation to biodiversity at local to regional scales. Austral Ecology 29:108–120
Luria P., P. A. Aspinall. 2003. Evaluating a multi-criteria model for hazard assessment in urban design. The Porto Marghera case study. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 23:625–653
McIvor J. G., J. R. Brown, A. J. Ash. 1994. Tropical savanna land use and management. Land Use Policy 11:4–7
McKeon, G. M., W. B. Hall, B. K. Henry, G. S. Stone, and I. W. Watson. 2004. Pasture degradation and recovery in Australia’s rangelands: Learning from history. Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Indooroopilly, 423 pp
Mistry J. 1998. Decision-making for fire use among farmers in savannas: An exploratory study in the Distrito Federal, central Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management 54:321–334
Morissey J. 1984. Arid Mulga woodlands. In: G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young (eds.), Management of Australia’s rangelands. CSIRO, Australia. Pages 285–298
Mott J. J., J. C. Tothill. 1984. Tropical and subtropical woodlands. In: G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young (eds.), Management of Australia’s rangelands. CSIRO, Australia. Pages 255–270
Natural Heritage Trust. 1998. National Heritage Trust. Annual report—1997/98. Environment Australia, Canberra, 205 pp
Neke K. S. A., M. A. DuPlessis. 2003. The threat of transformation: Quantifying the vulnerability of grasslands in South Africa. Conservation Biology 18:466-477
NLWRA (National Land and Water Resources Audit). 2001a. Rangelands—Tracking changes. Australian Collaborative Rangeland Information System. National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra
NLWRA. 2001b. Landscape Health in Australia: a rapid assessment of the relative condition of Australia’s bioregions and subregions. National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra
NLWRA. 2003. Australian natural resources atlas. National Land and Water Resources Audit Australia, Website: Canberra, http://www.audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/atlas_home.cfm, Accessed 8 July 2004
Orr D. M., W. E. Holmes. 1984. Mitchell grasslands. In: G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson, M. D. Young (eds.), Management of Australia’s rangelands. CSIRO, Australia. Pages 241–254
Phelps, D. G., D. M. Orr, P. A. Newman, and A. R. Bird. 1994. Grazing northern Mitchell grasslands to foster sustainable wool production. Final report to Australian Wool Research and Promotion Organisation, (DAQ31). Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Longreach, Queensland, Australia
Ramanathan R. 2001. A note on the use of the analytic hierarchy process for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 63:27–35
Sampson, R. N., and R. J. Scholes. 2000. Additional human-induced activities—Article 3.4. Pages 181–282. In: R. T. Watson, I. R. Noble, B. Bolin, N. H. Ravindranath, D. J. Verardo, and D. J. Dokken (eds.), Land use, land-use change, and forestry, a special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press
Stafford Smith D. M., S. R. Morton, A. J. Ash. 2000. Towards sustainable pastoralism in Australia’s rangelands. Australian Journal of Environmental Management 7:190-203
Tait J. T. P., I. D. Cresswell, R. Lawson, C. Creighton. 2000. Auditing the health of Australia’s rangelands. Ecosystem Health 6:149–163
Thomas D. S. G., D. Sproton, J. Perkins. 2000. The environmental impact of livestock ranches in the Kalahari, Botswana: Natural resource use, ecological change and human response in a dynamic dryland system. Land Degradation & Development 11:327–341
Thomas D. S. G., C. Twyman. 2004. Good or bad rangeland? Hybrid knowledge, science and local understandings of vegetation dynamics in the Kalahari. Land Degradation and Development 15:215–231
Thorp, J. R., and R. Lynch. 2000. The determination of weeds of national significance. National Weeds Strategy Executive Committee, Launceston, Australia, 234 pp
Turner M. T. 1999. Conflict, environmental change, and social institutions in dryland Africa: Limitations of the community resource management approach. Society & Natural Resources 12:643–657
Veitch, S. M. 1997. Land use decisions and site selection: A GIS-based approach. In R. Denzer, D. A. Swayne, and G. Schimak (eds.), Environmental Software Systems, vol. 2. Chapman & Hall, London
Walker, J., and S. M. Veitch. 2001. Assessment of catchment condition in Australia’s intensive land use zone: A biophysical assessment at the national scale. Final report on project 7/7 NLWRA to the National Land and Water Resources Audit, November 2000, pp. 74
Wint, W., J. Slingenbergh, G. Hendrickx, J. Otte, R. Mattioli, D. Rogers, and D. Bourn. 2001. Livestock geography: An introductory atlas of animal resources. Extracted from the Livestock atlas website at http://ergodd.ox.ac.uk/livatl2/index.htm , Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome
Woinarski J. C. Z., A. J. Ash. 2002. Responses of vertebrates to pastoralism, military land use and landscape position in an Australian tropical savanna. Austral Ecology 27:311–323
Acknowledgments
The Natural Heritage Trust provided financial support for this project. The authors express their thanks to the Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage for the provision of key data inputs. Draft versions of this article benefited from the comments of W. Jones, and J. Chesson of the Australian Government Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry. We thank four anonymous reviewers for suggested improvements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hill, M.J., Lesslie, R., Donohue, R. et al. Multi-Criteria Assessment of Tensions in Resource Use at Continental Scale: A Proof of Concept with Australian Rangelands. Environmental Management 37, 712–731 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0390-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0390-5