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Color Doppler Sonography Assisted Subcutaneous Mastectomy with Inferior Pedicled Nipple-Areola Complex in Female-to-Male Transsexuals: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

  • Original Article
  • Breast Surgery
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Abstract

Background

The surgical goals of gender reassignment surgery of the breast in female-to male transsexuals (FMT) is the aesthetic shaping of a male thoracic wall with minimal scarring, while preserving the sensitivity of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). For large and ptotic breasts, we perform a mastectomy over an inframammary access with inferior pedicled NAC under color Doppler visualization of the perforators. This paper presents the technique, including complications and assessment of quality of life, as part of a unicentric analysis.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 23 patients (46 mastectomies) performed between September 2014 and September 2020. The complication rate and the number of corrective surgeries were recorded for quality assessment. A semiquantitative score was used to evaluate aesthetic outcome, nipple sensitivity, quality of life, and sexuality.

Results

A total of 46 mastectomies were performed in 23 patients. The patient survey showed high patient satisfaction. Loss of nipple sensitivity was observed after one mastectomy (2.17%). In 91.67% of cases, patients reported that their appearance reflected how they feel on the inside. In 75% of cases, patients reported feeling equal to other men. The overall complication rate was 10.87%. Shape correction due to persistent excess of volume was rare (2.17%, equivalent to one mastectomy).

Conclusion

Subcutaneous mastectomy with inferior nipple pedicle can be performed with a high degree of safety and satisfaction in FMT. Color Doppler-guided visualization of the perforator vessels is helpful in allowing a thin pedicle preparation, thus reducing the need for secondary surgeries to optimize the shape.

Level of Evidence IV

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Breast Surgery, Elbland Hospital Radebeul, Heinrich-Zille-Str. 13, 01445, Radebeul, Germany

    C. Caro, A. Florek & M. Marx

  2. Department of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    M. Hahn & M. Marx

Authors
  1. C. Caro
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  2. A. Florek
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  3. M. Hahn
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  4. M. Marx
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Correspondence to C. Caro.

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The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all Patients.

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Caro, C., Florek, A., Hahn, M. et al. Color Doppler Sonography Assisted Subcutaneous Mastectomy with Inferior Pedicled Nipple-Areola Complex in Female-to-Male Transsexuals: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Aesth Plast Surg 48, 1126–1132 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02945-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02945-0

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