Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Novel Three-Dimensional Interactive Virtual Face to Facilitate Facial Anatomy Teaching Using Microsoft HoloLens

  • Innovative Techniques
  • Facial Surgery
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

In-depth understanding of facial anatomy is the foundation of clinical education and practices. Lately, anatomy education has undergone many changes due to the adoption of integrated medical curriculums. The time allocated to anatomy teaching on occasion been shortened to allow more time for clinical education. Innovation in visual technology such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) has added a new dimension to anatomy education. The authors present a mixed reality virtual face model to facilitate complex anatomy teaching using Microsoft HoloLens in various educational settings.

Materials and Methods

Close-range photogrammetry technique was utilised to construct a virtual face using a dissected fresh-frozen cephalus. Scanning was undertaken using DSLR cameras, capable of capturing ten frames per second, in ten different angles on the dissected side and four for the undissected side. The images of the entire cephalous were also separately captured in twenty different angles. These images were processed using software to reconstruct the three-dimensional virtual face.

Result

The virtual face using a mixed reality platform was able to demonstrate individual layers of the face and relevant clinically significant structures clearly with interactive labelling. Face and the content validity by 12 experts (plastic surgeons and dermatologists) demonstrated strong inter-rater reliability expressed as interclass correlation coefficient.

Conclusion

An immersive experience by using Microsoft HoloLens provides an accurate 3D perception of the face to enhance anatomy learning. This can be utilised in undergraduate, postgraduate and continued medical education as an additional teaching tool in the constraints of cadaveric dissection.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kumar N, Rahman E (2017) Effectiveness of teaching facial anatomy through cadaver dissection on aesthetic physicians knowledge. Adv Med Educ Pract. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s139893

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Sieber DA, Scheuer JF, Villanueva NL et al (2016) Review of 3-dimensional facial anatomy. Plast Reconstr Surg-Glob Open 4:e1166. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000001166

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Kumar N, Swift A, Rahman E (2018) Development of “core syllabus” for facial anatomy teaching to aesthetic physicians: a delphi consensus. Plast Reconstr Surg-Glob Open. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000001687

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Chien C, Chen C, Jeng T (2010) An interactive augmented reality system for learning anatomy structure. In: The international multiconfernce of engineers and computer scientists (HongKong: International Association of Engineers) nce of engineers and computer scientists (HongKong: International association of engineers). pp 17–19

  5. Ong WJ (2002) Orality and Literacy. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  6. The Editors (2016) The World ’ s oldest writing. Archaeol. Publ. Archaeol. Inst. Am.

  7. Wikramanayake G (2005) Impact of digital technology on education. In: 24th National information technology conference

  8. Turney BW (2007) Anatomy in a modern medical curriculum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 89:104–107. https://doi.org/10.1308/003588407X168244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Küçük S, Kapakin S, Göktaş Y (2016) Learning anatomy via mobile augmented reality: effects on achievement and cognitive load. Anat Sci Educ 9:411–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1603

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Baus O, Bouchard S (2014) Moving from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy: a review. Front Hum Neurosci 8:112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00112

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Petriceks AH, Peterson AS, Angeles M et al (2018) Photogrammetry of human specimens: an innovation in anatomy education. J Med Educ Curric Dev 5:238212051879935. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120518799356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Boehler W, Marbs A (2004) 3D Scanning and Photogrammetry for Heritage Recording: a Comparison. In: Geoinformatics 2004 Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Geoinformatics—geospatial information research: bridging the pacific and Atlantic university of Gävle, Sweden, 7-9 June 2004. pp 291–298

  13. Baltsavias EP (1999) A comparison between photogrammetry and laser scanning. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 54:83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2716(99)00014-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Erolin C (2019) Interactive 3D digital models for anatomy and medical education. In: Paul M (ed) Biomedical visualisation, advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1st edn. Springer International, Berlin, pp 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hajdarbegovic N (2018) Microsoft HoloLens Review: Closing the Gap Between AR and VR. In: Toptal

  16. Newman J, Chacos B (2018) HTC Vive vs. Oculus Rift vs. Windows Mixed Reality. In: PC World

  17. Sugand K, Abrahams P, Khurana A (2010) The anatomy of anatomy: a review for its modernization. Anat Sci Educ 3:83–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Snelling J, Sahai A, Ellis H (2003) Attitudes of medical and dental students to dissection. Clin Anat. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.10113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen P, Liu X, Cheng W, Huang R (2017) A review of using augmented reality in education from 2011–2016. Springer, Singapore, pp 13–18

    Google Scholar 

  20. Primal’s 3D Real-time Human Anatomy (2018) In: Primal Pict

  21. Visible Body-Virtual Anatomy to See Inside the Human Body

  22. BioDigital: 3D Human Visualization Platform for Anatomy and Disease

  23. Georgiev G (2017) Significance of anatomical variations for clinical practice. Int J Anat Var 10:43–44

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dynamics 365 Layout User Guide-Dynamics 365 Mixed Reality | Microsoft Docs (2018) In: Microsoft

  25. Shahidi R, Lorensen B, Kikinis R, et al (1996) Surface rendering versus volume rendering in medical imaging: techniques and applications. In: Proceedings of Seventh Annual IEEE Visualization ’96. ACM, pp 439–440

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK

    Narendra Kumar

  2. Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary, Karnataka, India

    Shubham Pandey

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Pond Street, Hamstead, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom

    Eqram Rahman

Authors
  1. Narendra Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shubham Pandey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Eqram Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eqram Rahman.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethical Human and Animal Rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

For this type of study, informed consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, N., Pandey, S. & Rahman, E. A Novel Three-Dimensional Interactive Virtual Face to Facilitate Facial Anatomy Teaching Using Microsoft HoloLens. Aesth Plast Surg 45, 1005–1011 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-02110-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-02110-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation