Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Relationship Between the Facial Proportion Changes in Hard Tissue and the Satisfaction of Patients After Reduction Malarplasty: a Research Based on Three-Dimensional Cephalometry

  • Original Article
  • Face and Neck Surgery
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

We aim to measure the zygomatic width and protrusion changes in hard tissue after reduction malarplasty and then calculate facial proportion changes and analyze the relationship between facial proportion changes and patients’ satisfaction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our database and selected 36 eligible patients who underwent isolated reduction malarplasty in our department from March 2015 to July 2018. The preoperative and postoperative facial width and protrusion, as well as head height, in hard tissue were measured using ProPlan software. Patients’ satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaire. The correlations between the facial proportion changes and patients’ satisfaction were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.

Results

The preoperative and postoperative midface widths were 135.87 ± 4.09 mm and 129.06 ± 4.95 mm. The relative zygomatic protrusion was reduced by 3.29 ± 1.54 mm in the left and 2.88 ± 1.73 mm in the right after surgery. The ratio of the midface width to lower face width changed from 1.43 ± 0.05 to 1.36 ± 0.06 after surgery. And the ratio of the head height to midface width changed from 1.53 ± 0.05 to 1.61 ± 0.05 after surgery. The ratios were indeed close to the ideal ratios we presumed (4:3 and 1.618). Moreover, patients’ total and morphology satisfaction were both significantly higher with the postoperative ratio of the midface width to lower face width closer to 4:3 (R = − 0.732, P < 0.001; R = − 0.906, P < 0.001, respectively). But only morphology satisfaction was higher with the ratio of the head height to midface width closer to 1.618 (R = − 0.404, P = 0.014) and the ratio of the postoperative midface to lower face width decreased (R = − 0.434, P = 0.008).

Conclusions

We found patients’ morphology satisfaction was higher with the proportion of the postoperative midface to lower face width decreased. What’s more, the proximity degree between the postoperative facial proportion and the ideal facial proportions we presumed was significantly correlated with patients’ high satisfaction. Therefore, 4:3 and 1.618 may be the ideal postoperative facial ratios for the patients who underwent reduction malarplasty.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhao Q, Zhou R, Zhang X, Sun H, Lu X, Xia D, Song M, Liang Y (2013) Morphological quantitative criteria and aesthetic evaluation of eight female han face types. Aesthet Plast Surg 37(2):445–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0081-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gao Y, Niddam J, Noel W, Hersant B, Meningaud JP (2016) Comparison of aesthetic facial criteria between Caucasian and East Asian female populations: an esthetic surgeon’s perspective. Asian J Surg 41(1):4–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2016.07.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Zou C, Niu F, Yu B, Liu J, Gui L (2015) Zygomatic complex change after reduction malarplasty and its geometric model: a retrospective clinical study. J Oral Maxil Surg 73(11):2196–2206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2015.03.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang RH, Ho C, Lin H, Lo L (2019) Three-dimensional cephalometry for orthognathic planning: normative data and analyses. J Formos Med Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.04.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kaya KS, Türk B, Cankaya M, Seyhun N, Coşkun BU (2019) Assessment of facial analysis measurements by golden proportion. Braz J Otorhinolar 85(4):494–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.07.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Saurabh R, Piyush B, Sourabh B, Preeti O, Trivedi R, Vishnoi P (2016) Assessment of facial golden proportions among central Indian population. J Int Soc Prev Commun Dent 6(9):182. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.197188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mizumoto Y, Deguchi T, Fong KWC (2009) Assessment of facial golden proportions among young Japanese women. Am J Orthod Dentofac 136(2):168–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.07.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jie B, Yao B, An J, Zhang Y, He Y (2019) Correlation between soft and hard tissue changes in the zygomaticomaxillary region after bone contouring surgery for fibrous dysplasia—a preliminary study. J Oral Maxil Surg 77(9):1901–1904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi B, Goh RCW, Moaveni Z, Lo L (2010) Patient satisfaction after zygoma and mandible reduction surgery: an outcome assessment. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63(8):1260–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2009.07.041

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rhee SC, Lee SH (2010) Attractive composite faces of different races. Aesthet Plast Surg 34(6):800–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-010-9606-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Farkas LG, Hreczko TA, Kolar JC, Munro IR (1985) Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons. Plast Reconstr Surg 75(3):328–338. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198503000-00005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Alarcón JA, Requena MA, Delgado AC, González E, Martín C (2015) Association between changes in soft and hard tissue after early chin cup treatment. J Orofac Orthop/Fortschr der Kieferorthop 76(3):225–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-015-0286-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Economou S, Stoustrup P, Kristensen KD, Dalstra M, Küseler A, Herlin T, Pedersen TK (2018) Evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: correlation between hard tissue and soft tissue landmarks. Am J Orthod Dentofac 153(5):662–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.08.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Shamlan MA, Aldrees AM (2015) Hard and soft tissue correlations in facial profiles: a canonical correlation study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 7:9–15. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S73457

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Lo L, Weng J, Ho C, Lin H (2018) Three-dimensional region-based study on the relationship between soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic surgery in patients with prognathism. PLoS ONE 13(8):e200589. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li D, Xu H, Xu L, Huang X, Yuan J, Wei M (2015) The aesthetic proportion index of facial contour surgery. J Craniofac Surg 26(2):586–589. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000001475

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee SW, Jeong YW, Myung Y (2017) Revision surgery for zygoma reduction: causes, indications, solutions, and results from a 5-year review of 341 cases. Aesthet Plast Surg 41(1):161–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-016-0723-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pusic AL, Klassen AF, Scott AM, Cano SJ (2013) Development and psychometric evaluation of the FACE-Q satisfaction with appearance scale. Clin Plast Surg 40(2):249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2012.12.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Harris DL, Carr AT (2001) The Derriford appearance scale (DAS59): a new psychometric scale for the evaluation of patients with disfigurements and aesthetic problems of appearance. British J Plast Surg 54(3):216–222. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjps.2001.3559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Copas JB, Robin AA (1989) The facial appearance sorting test (fast): an aid to the selection of patients for rhinoplasty. British J Plast Surg 42(1):65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(89)90115-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was received for this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The 16th Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China

    Fan Yang, Zuoliang Qi, Le Du, Guodong Song, Xianlei Zong & Xiaolei Jin

Authors
  1. Fan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zuoliang Qi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Le Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guodong Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xianlei Zong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiaolei Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaolei Jin.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the clinical research committee of plastic surgery hospital and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all patients, and the document “Consent from patients” was signed.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, F., Qi, Z., Du, L. et al. The Relationship Between the Facial Proportion Changes in Hard Tissue and the Satisfaction of Patients After Reduction Malarplasty: a Research Based on Three-Dimensional Cephalometry. Aesth Plast Surg 44, 750–763 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-01654-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-01654-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation