Tumescent infiltration achieves effective local anesthesia and a bloodless operative field [1]. Its use is standard practice in liposuction but has also been applied to other procedures, including cosmetic, reconstructive, and burn surgery [2–5]. The basic principle common to all techniques is the delivery of a large amount of fluid with a local anesthetic and a vasoconstrictor. This results in swelling, i.e., tumescence, of the operative field.

Many techniques for the infiltration of the fluid have been described ranging from repeated aspiration of fluid into a large syringe followed by its injection into the patient, to the use of motorized irrigation pumps. There are also automatic manual pumps available. However, these specialized systems are not always available.

The use of a stopcock three-way tap has been described in the past [6]. The disadvantage of this tap is that it requires two concurrent actions: pumping action using the plunger of the syringe and coordinated turning of the stopcock tap in order to either aspirate fluid from the infusion bag or inject it into the patient. The fluid can be injected in the wrong direction back into the IV bag or it can be aspirated out of the patient.

Fig. 1
figure 1

An assembled device: [A] tubing coming from the bag with fluid, [B] valve preventing backflow to the bag, [C] stopcock three-way tap that has to be open in all directions, [D] syringe with a Luer lock connection, [E] valve preventing aspiration of fluid back from the patient

Full size image

Technique

The drawbacks associated with the use of the three-way tap can be addressed by using two unidirectional back-check valves (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany); which can be used with the intravenous delivery of medications to avoid backflow. One valve is placed on the IV piping on the input side of the stopcock and the other valve is connected before the infiltration needle. The tap is left open in all three directions. Using reciprocating movements of the plunger of the syringe, similar to those used on a bicycle pump, the fluid will be pumped only into the patient (Fig. 1).

The infiltration needle can be connected directly to the stopcock, permitting operation by the surgeon; otherwise, extension tubing can be used and the pumping action is performed by the assistant while the surgeon directs the infiltration cannula. The use of a 10-cc syringe is easier and faster than the use of larger-volume and larger-diameter syringes because it requires less force, albeit at the cost of more pumping cycles [7]. The additional cost is low (<€2). This system has been used in more than 50 patients without problems.

Conclusion

This system has proven to be cheap, simple, and easy to use and implement.