Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Microencapsulated Myoblasts Transduced by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene for the Ischemic Skin Flap

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

This experimental study aimed to explore the influence of locally administered microencapsulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-secreting myoblasts on the survival of the ischemic skin flap in rats and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

The pcDNA6/His A-VEGF165 plasmid was constructed, amplified, and transfected into myoblasts. Cells then were encapsulated in a sodium alginate–barium chloride microcapsule. The study investigated 64 Wistar rats (males and females). Two symmetric 2 × 10-cm, full-thickness dorsal ischemic skin flaps were elevated on each rat. One flap was used as the experiment area, and the other was used as a control. The microencapsulated VEGF-secreting myoblasts were injected into the right flap of the rat on preoperative days 0, 2, 4, and 7. The left flap in each animal was injected with the encapsulated untransfected cells. The 64 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 16 rats each.

Results

The effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. The experimental group had a certain time-dependent effect.

Conclusions

Microencapsulated VEGF-secreting-myoblasts may be a promising therapy for ischemic flaps in rats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adanali G, Seyhan T, Turegun M et al (2002) Effects of different vascular patterns and the delay phenomenon on rat Ventral Island flap viability. Ann Plast Surg 48:660–664

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhong X, Yan W, He X, Ni Y (2007) Improved fat graft viability by delayed fat flap with ischaemic pretreatment. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 62:526–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Haughey BH, Panje WR (1985) Extension of the musculocutaneous flap by surgical delay. Arch Otolaryngol 111:234–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tayor Gl, Cortlett RJ, Caddy CM et al (1992) An anatomical review of the delay phenomenon: II. Clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:408–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Attinger CE, Picken CA, Troost TR et al (1996) Minimizing pectoralis myocutaneous flap loss with the delay principle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 114:148–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ferrara N (1999) Molecular and biological properties of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Mol Med 77:537–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Arii S, Mori A, Uchida S et al (1999) Implication of vascular endothelial growth factor in the development and metastasis of human cancers. Hum Cell 12:25

    Google Scholar 

  8. Zhanga F, Lei MP, Oswald TM et al (2003) The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on the healing of ischaemic skin wounds. Br J Plast Surg 56:334–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Stepnick DW, Peterson MK, Bodgan C et al (1995) Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular permeability factor on neovascularisation of the rabbit ear flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121:667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bruce LT (1996) Cancer metastasis. Rev Proteins 15:15930

    Google Scholar 

  11. Taub PJ, Marmur JD, Zhang WX et al (1998) Locally administered vascular endothelial growth factor cDNA increases survival of ischemic experimental skin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:2033–2039

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. St George JA (2003) Gene therapy progress and prospects: Adenoviral vectors. Gene Ther 10:1135–1141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chang TMS (1957) Research report for honours physiology. Medical Library, McGill University

  14. Chang TMS (1964) Semipermeable microcapsules. Science 146:524–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang DP, Morris SF et al (1998) Comparison of two different delay procedures in a rat skin flap model. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:1591–1597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kitadai Y, Amioka T, Haruma K (2001) Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 93:662–666

    Google Scholar 

  17. Scalise A, Tucci MG, Lucarini G, Giantomassi F, Orlando F, Pierangeli M, Pugnaloni A, Bertani A, Ricotti G, Biagini G (2004) Local rh-VEGFLocal rh-VEGF administration enhances skin flap survival more than other types of rh-VEGF administration: A clinical, morphological and immunohistochemicalstudy. Exp Dermatol 13:682–690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pang CY, Forrest CR, Neligan PC et al (1986) Augmentation of blood flow in delayed random skin flap in the pig: Effect of length of delay period and angiogensis. Plast Reconstr Surg 78:68–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Arranz Lopez JL, Suarez Nieto C, Barthe Garcia P et al (1995) Evaluation of angiogenesis in delayed skin flaps using a monoclonal antibody for the vascular endothelium. Br J Plast Surg 48:479–486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Barthe Garcia P, Suarez Nieto C, Rojo Ortega JM (1991) Morphological changes in the vascularisation of delayed flaps in rabbits. Br J Plast Surg 44:285–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Astete CE, Sabliow CM (2006) Synthesis and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 17:247–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Magyer JP, Nemir M, Ehler E, Suter N, Perriard JC, Eppenberger HM (2001) Mass production of embryoid bodies in microbeads. Ann N Y Acad Sci 944:135–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dufrane D, Goebbels RM, Saliez A et al (2006) Six-month survival of microencapsulated pig islets alginate biocompatibility in primates: proof of concept. Transplantation 81:1345–1353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Junyu Ma, Wangwei WX et al (2007) Research the method of cryopreservation of microencapsuled cell used transplant (in Chinese). Chin J Pathophysiol 23:1867–1870

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Professor Yang Daping (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University), Professor Zhang Fengmin, and Professor Yang Baotian (Harbin Medical University) for support in this project. The authors express their appreciation to Professor Jiang Xiaofeng and Professor Xu Wanghai (The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University) for providing the laboratory, and to Zhouyi (The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University) for providing the figure about microcapsule generation. The authors also express their thanks to all the medical personnel in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University for all types of support. The article is supported by China Nation Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No. 30325042). The research protocol was approved by Harbin Medical University Ethical Committee.

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China

    Weihua Chen, Peng Wang, Songying Gao, Xianyu Zhang & Tao Wang

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China

    Daping Yang

Authors
  1. Weihua Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daping Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Songying Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xianyu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daping Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, W., Yang, D., Wang, P. et al. Microencapsulated Myoblasts Transduced by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene for the Ischemic Skin Flap. Aesth Plast Surg 35, 326–332 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-010-9610-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-010-9610-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation