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Pirfenidone Prevents Capsular Contracture After Mammary Implantation

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Abstract

Background

Pirfenidone (PFD), a new antifibrotic and antiinflammatory agent, prevents and resolves fibrous tissue. This study evaluated the effect of PFD on adverse events in mammary implants using an animal model. Mammary implantation, the most frequent aesthetic surgery, may present several complications after surgery such as swelling, capsule contracture, hardness, and pain.

Methods

Wistar rats underwent submammary implantation with either smooth or textured silicone gel implants and were administrated 200 mg/kg of PFD daily. The control group received saline. The animals were killed at 8 weeks. The capsular tissue of both implants was removed for histologic and molecular analyses.

Results

Typical postaugmentation periimplant capsules with opacity on adjacent tissues developed 8 weeks after silicone implantation. No significant differences were observed between the textured and smooth implants in any analyzed parameter. Clearly, PFD reduced capsule thickness around submmamary tissue, fibroblast-like cell proliferation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The total cell numbers per field were reduced as well. In contrast, the control group presented abundant mononuclear cell infiltration and fibroblast-like cell proliferation. The total content of collagen in the PFD group was 50% less than in the control group. Fibroblast cells displayed 45% less activated phenotype in the PFD group than in the control group, as determined by immunohistochemistry techniques. In the PFD animals, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) decreased 85% and collagen 1 gene expression 60%, compared with the control group.

Conclusion

The findings show a positive effect of PFD on mammary contracture in 10 rats. Despite the small number of animals, the differences found in 10 control rats encourage the authors to propose a larger study later and to suggest PFD as a potential preventive strategy in human mammary implantation surgery.

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Acknowledgment

This investigation was supported by Cell Therapy and Technology, S.A. de C.V.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Jalisciense de Cirugía Reconstructiva “Dr. Jose Guerrerosantos”, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44281, Mexico

    Matias Gancedo

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Apdo. Postal 2-123, Guadalajara, Jal, 44281, Mexico

    Luis Ruiz-Corro, Adriana Salazar-Montes, Ana Rosa Rincón & Juan Armendáriz-Borunda

  3. OPD Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal, México

    Juan Armendáriz-Borunda

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  1. Matias Gancedo
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  2. Luis Ruiz-Corro
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  5. Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
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Correspondence to Juan Armendáriz-Borunda.

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Gancedo, M., Ruiz-Corro, L., Salazar-Montes, A. et al. Pirfenidone Prevents Capsular Contracture After Mammary Implantation. Aesth Plast Surg 32, 32–40 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-007-9051-4

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