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Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with graphene oxide granular lubrication on cytokine levels in animal models of knee osteoarthritis

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Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to use umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) loaded with graphene oxide (GO) granular lubricant to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) animal models and to analyze their effect on cytokine levels in the articular cavity.

Methods

Twenty-four New Zealand rabbit models of KOA were established by the modified Hulth and cartilage injury method, and they were assigned to the blank group, the GO group, the UCMSC group, and the GO + UCMSC group, each group containing six animal models. The GO and UCMSC groups were treated by a single intra-articular injection. The treatment was started one month after surgical modeling, and the observation period was eight weeks. The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen-II (COL-II) in serum and articular fluid after treatment were compared to analyze the efficacy.

Results

The GO granular lubricant caused no significant improvement in the intra-articular environment of the knee joint, and UCMSCs caused a certain degree of improvement in the inflammatory environment. The improvement results of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, GAG, and COL-II were the best in the GO + UCMSC group, but the improvement results of inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and articular fluid were not consistent, especially the differences in NO, IL-6, and TNF-α were greater.

Conclusion

UCMSCs loaded with the GO granular lubricant can reduce the inflammatory level and improve the level of biochemical environment in the articular cavity, and thus promote cartilage repair.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We thank LetPub for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project name: Research on mechanisms of Kidney and Blood stasis KOA cartilage repair based on 3D GO nanoscale scaffold culture of umbilical cord derived MSC 8187150461).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

    Xiao-dong Wang & Xiao-chun Wan

  2. Orthopaedics Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China

    Ai-feng Liu

  3. Boya Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China

    Rong Li

  4. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China

    Qiang Wei

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  1. Xiao-dong Wang
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Contributions

WX participated in all experiments and was a major contributor in writing of the manuscript. WC provided theoretical guidance for experiments. LA was the main designer of the experiment. LR was responsible for the supply and detection of UCMSCs. WQ was responsible for providing the GO granular lubricant. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ai-feng Liu.

Ethics declarations

According to the review of the animal experiment center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the animal experiment scheme and related materials involved in the project meet the ethical requirements of experimental animal welfare and animal experiment.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Wang, Xd., Wan, Xc., Liu, Af. et al. Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with graphene oxide granular lubrication on cytokine levels in animal models of knee osteoarthritis. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 45, 381–390 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04584-z

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