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The predictive factors of secondary patellar resurfacing in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. A prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

The decision to resurface the patella during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the outcome and survivorship of the native patella in computer-assisted TKA (CAS TKA) implanted for primary knee osteoarthritis, and to determine the predictive factors of secondary patellar resurfacing (SPR).

Methods

A prospective cohort of 273 cementless ultra-congruent mobile-bearing CAS TKA implanted without patellar resurfacing was included in our total joint registry. Patients were evaluated with the International Knee Society (IKS) and Hospital for Special Surgery Patellar (HSSP) scores. Radiographic evaluation was focused on the patellofemoral (PF) compartment to assess: the patellar dysplasia (Wiberg classification), PF osteoarthritis (Iwano classification), femoral trochlear dysplasia (femoral sulcus angle), patellar maltracking (patellar tilt and lateralization), and patella height (Blackburne-Peel ratio).

Results

At a six-year median follow-up, the CAS TKA survivorship using SPR as end-point was 95% (range, 91–99%). The IKS and HSSP improved significantly after SPR (p = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). No significant difference in the IKS and HSSP was detected between TKA with native patella and SPR-TKA at latest follow-up. Importantly, four pre-operative radiographic PF parameters were significantly associated with SPR: higher stages of patellar dysplasia and PF osteoarthritis, and higher sulcus angle and patellar lateralization (hazard ratios = 5.1 to 11.6, p = 0.009 to 0.04).

Conclusion

When preserving the native patella, surgeons should be aware of pre-operative PF radiographic parameters that could influence the outcome and survivorship of CAS TKA leading to SPR. Particularly, evidence of PF dysplasia, osteoarthritis and maltracking should be determined pre-operatively to resurface the patella at the time of TKA.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic Level II (prospective cohort study)

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Jerôme CRETON for providing assistance in statistical analyses.

Funding

No external source of funding was obtained for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery—Pavillon T, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France

    Florent Franck, Hervé Ouanezar, Alexandre Jacquel, Vincent Pibarot & Julien Wegrzyn

  2. INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France

    Julien Wegrzyn

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  1. Florent Franck
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julien Wegrzyn.

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Conflict of interest

FF, HO, AJ and JW declare that they have no conflict of interest. VP declares royalties perceived from Amplitude, Valence, France.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and the French national research committees, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.

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Franck, F., Ouanezar, H., Jacquel, A. et al. The predictive factors of secondary patellar resurfacing in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. A prospective cohort study. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 42, 1051–1060 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3630-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3630-z

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