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Clinical applications of BMP-7/OP-1 in fractures, nonunions and spinal fusion

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Abstract

Since the identification of the osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) gene, also called bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), almost 20 years ago, OP-1 has become one of the most characteristic members of the BMP family. The biological activity of recombinant human OP-1 has been defined using a variety of animal models. These studies have demonstrated that local implantation of OP-1 in combination with a collagen matrix results in the repair of critical size defects in long bones and in craniofacial bones and the formation of bony fusion masses in spinal fusions. Clinical trials investigating long bone applications have provided supportive evidence for the use of OP-1 in the treatment of open tibial fractures, distal tibial fractures, tibial nonunions, scaphoid nonunions and atrophic long bone nonunions. Clinical studies investigating spinal fusion applications have provided supportive evidence for the use of OP-1 in posterolateral lumbar models and compromised patients as an adjunct or as a replacement for autograft. Both long bone repair and spinal fusion studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of OP-1 by clinical outcomes and radiographic measures. Future clinical investigations will be needed to better define variables, such as dose, scaffold and route of administration. Clearly the use of BMPs in orthopaedics is still in its formative stage, but the data suggest an exciting and promising future for the development of new therapeutic applications.

Résumé

Depuis l’identification du gène OP-1 appelé aussi BMP-7, il y a plus de 20 ans, OP-1 est la BMP la plus caractéristique de cette famille. L’activité biologique de l’OP-1 recombinante humaine a été bien définie et ce sur différents animaux servant de modèle expérimentaux. Ces études ont démontré que l’implantation locale d’OP-1 en association avec une matrice collagène entraîne la réparation de différents défects des os longs au niveau du crâne ainsi que la formation d’une bonne fusion osseuse au niveau de la colonne vertébrale. Les essais cliniques ont montré que l’OP-1 avait un résultat favorable dans le traitement des fractures ouvertes, les fractures du tibia distal, les pseudarthroses du scaphoïde et les pseudarthroses atrophiques des os longs. Différentes études cliniques portant sur la fusion rachidienne ont également été développées utilisant l’OP-1 sur des modèles d’abord lombaires postéro latéraux nous permettant de penser que l’on peut peut-être remplacer l’auto-greffe. Les réparations tant au niveau de l’os que l’utilisation au niveau du rachis ont démontré l’efficacité et surtout l’absence d’effets secondaires de l’OP-1. De nouvelles études cliniques doivent être développées de façon à déterminer quelles sont les doses optimales à délivrer et quel est le meilleur moyen d’administration. Ceci promet de futures études et un avenir florissant pour le développement de nouvelles applications thérapeutiques.

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Correspondence to Andrew P. White.

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White, A.P., Vaccaro, A.R., Hall, J.A. et al. Clinical applications of BMP-7/OP-1 in fractures, nonunions and spinal fusion. International Orthopaedics (SICO 31, 735–741 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-007-0422-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-007-0422-x

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