Abstract
Biological materials used to assist in haemostasis following total knee arthroplasty have been the subject of much recent research. Autologous platelet gel is a substance that is derived from platelet-rich plasma extracted from the patient's blood and centrifuged perioperatively, and is applied to exposed tissues, synovium and the lining of the wound at closure. Concentrating and applying these factors directly to the wound at the end of a total knee arthroplasty procedure may lead to more complete haemostasis, a reduction in perioperative blood loss, accelerated tissue repair and decreased postoperative pain. In this study, 98 unilateral total knee arthroplasties were evaluated retrospectively, 61 of which involved the intaroperative use of platelet gel, and 37 of which served as control subjects. Outcomes analysed were postoperative haemoglobin changes, intravenous and oral narcotic requirements, range of motion on discharge and total days in hospital. Patients receiving platelet gel during surgery had less postoperative blood loss as measured by differences in the preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin on day 3 (2.7 vs. 3.2 g/dl; P=0.026). The narcotic requirement was less in the platelet gel group for both intravenous (17.0 vs. 36.3 mg/day; P=0.024) and oral (1.84 vs. 2.75 tabs/day; P=0.063) medication. This group also achieved a higher range of motion prior to discharge (78.2 vs. 71.9; P=0.052) and were discharged an average of 1 day earlier than their control counterparts. Though further prospective trials are necessary, this study indicates that the application of autologous platelet gel may lead to improved haemostasis, better pain control and a shortened hospital stay.
Résumé
Le gel de plaquettes autologues est une substance dérivée des plaquettes plasmatiques extraites du sang du patient et centrifugées dans la période péri-opératoire, destiné à être appliquée sur les tissus exposés , la synoviale, et la ligne d’incision à la fermeture. Le but est d’avoir une meilleure hémostase, une réduction de la perte sanguine, une accélération de la réparation tissulaire et une diminution des douleurs post-opératoires. Dans cette étude 98 arthroplasties totales de genou ont été évaluées rétrospectivement, avec utilisation du gel plaquettaire dans 61 cas, les 37 autres servant de groupe témoin. Les éléments étudiés étaient le taux d’hémoglobine, la prise orale ou intraveineuse d’antalgiques et la durée d’hospitalisation. Les patients recevant le gel avaient moins de perte sanguine, mesurée sur le taux d’hémoglobine pré-opératoire et au 3eme jour ( 2,7 vs 3,2 g/dl; P=0,026). La nécessité d’antalgiques était moindre dans le groupe avec gel tant par vois orale (1,84 vs. 2,75 tabs/j; P=0,063) que par voie veineuse (17,0 vs. 36,3 mg/j; P=0,024). Le groupe avec gel atteignait une meilleure amplitude avant le départ (78,2° vs 71,9°; P=0,052) et celui-ci se situait en moyenne un jour plus tôt que dans l’autre groupe. Bien que des essais prospectifs restent nécessaires, l’application du gel plaquettaire semble pouvoir améliorer l’hémostase, le contrôle de la douleur et raccourcir la durée d’hospitalisation.
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Gardner, M.J., Demetrakopoulos, D., Klepchick, P.R. et al. The efficacy of autologous platelet gel in pain control and blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 31, 309–313 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0174-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0174-z