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Bone tumours in Cameroon: incidence, demography and histopathology

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Abstract

A multicentre analysis was carried out on bone tumours in Cameroon during a 10-year period. Registers and patient records of five pathology laboratories were consulted, and all patients with a histological report of a bone tumour were included in the study. A total of 268 bone tumours were studied and the average incidence was 27 tumours a year, or two per one million inhabitants. Of these tumours 48% were benign, 45% were primary bone cancers and only 6% were metastatic disease. Among the primary malignant bone tumours, osteosarcoma was the most frequent (39%), followed by non-Hodgkin's primary bone lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Primary site of the metastatic bone tumours was prostatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, hepatocarcinoma and thyroid cancer. In Cameroon many bone tumours are not diagnosed due to lack of medical facilities and little awareness among our medical staff. It is likely that the real incidence is at least ten times higher than that shown in our report.

Résumé

Une analyse des tumeurs osseuses a été faite au Cameroun pendant une période de 10 années. Les registres et les dossiers des malade de cinq laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique ont été examinés. Tous les malades avec des compte-rendus histologiques de tumeur osseuse ont été inclus dans l'étude. Un total de 268 tumeurs a été étudié et la fréquence moyenne était 27 tumeurs par année ou deux cas par million d'habitants. 48% de ces tumeurs étaient bénignes, 45% étaient des cancers primitifs de l'os et seulement 6% étaient des métastases. Avec 39% de toutes les tumeurs malignes primitives, l'ostéosarcome était le plus fréquent, suivis par le lymphome non-Hodgkinien, le fibrosarcome, le chondrosarcome, et la tumeur d'Ewing. Le site initial des tumeurs osseuses secondaires était l'adénocarcinome prostatique, le cancer du sein, l'hépatocarcinome et le cancer thyroïde. À cause de la faible médicalisation du Cameroun et de la connaissance limité de ces maladies, beaucoup de tumeurs de l'os ne sont pas diagnostiquées. La vraie fréquence devrait être considérée comme au moins dix fois plus élevée.

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Bahebeck, J., Atangana, R., Eyenga, V. et al. Bone tumours in Cameroon: incidence, demography and histopathology. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 27, 315–317 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-003-0480-7

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