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Isolated recto-sigmoid colitis: a new imaging pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe typical CT findings and distinct imaging patterns of ipilimumab-associated colitis in immunotherapeutic treatment of melanoma.

Materials and methods

This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included 86 patients with melanoma imaged with CT or PET/CT of the abdomen and pelvis during or shortly after administration of ipilimumab. Twelve of 86 patients (14%) developed symptoms of colitis and underwent CT imaging of the abdomen and pelvis while symptomatic. Two radiologists reviewed CT images to evaluate for the presence of CT findings of colitis including mesenteric vessel engorgement, pericolonic inflammatory change, hyperenhancement of colonic mucosa, colonic wall thickening, fluid-filled colonic distension, pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis, and diverticulosis in the inflamed segment of colon. One nuclear medicine radiologist reviewed PET images for abnormally increased FDG uptake in the colon. The diagnosis of ipilimumab-associated colitis was made based on clinical presentation, imaging findings, and laboratory data.

Results

Common CT findings of ipilimumab-associated colitis included colonic mucosal hyperenhancement (10/12 [83%]), mesenteric vessel engorgement (9/12 [75.0%]), colonic wall thickening (9/12 [75%]), and pericolonic fat stranding (2/12 [16%]). No patient developed pneumatosis or pneumoperitoneum. Diffuse colitis was present in 4/12 (33%) patients. Segmental colitis with associated diverticulosis (was present in 2/12 (17%) patients). A third pattern, isolated recto-sigmoid colitis without diverticulosis, was observed in 6/12 (50%) patients. All patients with colitis demonstrated recto-sigmoid involvement.

Conclusions

A third radiologic pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis was observed in this study: isolated recto-sigmoid colitis without diverticulosis. All patterns of ipilimumab-associated colitis include recto-sigmoid involvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Andrew R. Barina, Mustafa R. Bashir, Brandon A. Howard & Tracy A. Jaffe

  2. Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Brent A. Hanks & April K. Salama

Authors
  1. Andrew R. Barina
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  2. Mustafa R. Bashir
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Correspondence to Tracy A. Jaffe.

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Barina, A.R., Bashir, M.R., Howard, B.A. et al. Isolated recto-sigmoid colitis: a new imaging pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis. Abdom Radiol 41, 207–214 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0560-3

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