Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of CT virtual pneumoendoscopy, in various vesical and extra-vesical urinary tract abnormalities and suggest possible indications for this examination.
Patients and methods
Thirty-three patients (26 men and 7 women, aged 30–91, mean-61 years) were referred by the urologists for specific further evaluation of the urinary tract with virtual pneumoendoscopy for various indications. All patients except three underwent conventional endoscopy within a week either before or after the virtual examination, but the endoscopy was either equivocal or limited. The urinary tract was insufflated with room air.
Results
Successful CT pneumoendoscopy was achieved in 31 of the 33 patients. The indications for the virtual study included obstructive uropathy (22), hematuria (15), and suspected fistula (2). The virtual examination findings included urethral stricture, recto-urethral fistula, multiple bladder tumors, bladder tumor invading the distal ureter or urethra, bladder diverticula containing a tumor, ureteral stricture, renal transitional cell carcinoma, and renal calculi with inflammation. Virtual CT endoscopy had added value to the diagnostic process in all our patients.
Conclusion
In selected cases virtual CT pneumoendoscopy may serve as an important adjunctive diagnostic aid for urologic pathologies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vining DJ, Zarogia RJ, Liu K, et al. (1996) CT cystoscopy: an innovation in bladder imaging. AJR 166:409–410
Hussain S, Loeffler JA, Babayan RK, et al. (1997) Thin-section helical computed tomography of the bladder: initial clinical experience with virtual reality imaging. Urology 50:685–689
Fenlon HM, Bell TV, Ahari HK, et al. (1997) Virtual cystoscopy: early clinical experience. Radiology 205:272–275
Song JH, Francis IR, Platt JF, et al. (2001) Bladder tumor detection at virtual cystoscopy. Radiology 218:95–100
Tsili Ach, Tsampoulas C, Chatziparaskevas N, et al. (2004) Computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy for the detection of urinary bladder neoplasms. Eur Urol 46(5):579–585
Yazgan C, Fitoz S, Atasoy C, et al. (2004) Virtual cystoscopy in the evaluation of bladder tumors. Clin Imaging 28(2):138–142
Browne RF, Murphy SM, Grainger R, et al. (2005) CT cystography and virtual cystoscopy in the assessment of new and recurrent bladder neoplasms. Eur J Radiol 53(1):147–153
Takebayashi S, Hosaka M, Kubota Y, et al. (2000) Computerized tomographic ureteroscopy for diagnosing ureteral tumors. J Urol 163(1):42–46
Rimondini A, Morra A, Bertolotto M, et al. (2001) Spiral-CT with multiplanar reconstructions (MPRS) in the evaluation of ureteral neoplasms:preliminary results. Radiol Med (Torino) 101(6):459–465
Prando A (2002) CT-virtual endoscopy of the urinary tract. Int Braz J Urol 28(4):317–322
Liatsikos EN, Siablis D, Kagadis GC, et al. (2005) Virtual endoscopy: navigation within pelvicaliceal system. J Endourol 19:37–40
Caoili EM, Cohan RH, Inampudi P, et al. (2005) MDCT urography of upper tract urothelial neoplasms. Am J Roentgenol 184:1873–1881
Chou CP, Huang JS, Wu MT, et al. (2005) CT voiding ureterography and virtual ureteroscopy: preliminary study with 16-MDCT. Am J Roentgenol 184(6):1882–1888
Takebayashi S, Hosaka M, Kubota Y, et al. (1999) Computerized tomographic nephroscopic images of renal pelvic carcinoma. J Urol 162:315–318
Neri E, Boraschi P, Caramella D, et al. (2000) MR virtual endoscopy of the upper urinary tract. Am J Roentgenol 175:1697–1702
Kagadis GC, Siablis D, Liatsikos EN, et al. (2006) Virtual endoscopy of the urinary tract. Asian J Androl 8(1):31–38
Stenzl A, Frank R, Eder R, et al. (1998) Three-dimensional computerized tomography and virtual reality endoscopy of the reconstructed lower urinary tract. J Urol 159:741–746
Bernhardt TM, Rapp-Bernhardt U (2002) Virtual cystoscopy of the bladder based on CT and MRI data. Abdom Imaging 26:325–332
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Croitoru, S., Moskovitz, B., Nativ, O. et al. Diagnostic potential of virtual pneumoendoscopy of the urinary tract. Abdom Imaging 33, 717–723 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-007-9346-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-007-9346-6