Abstract
As demonstrated by recently excavated reconnaissance tunnels, uncontrolled water ingresses frequently pose a risk to tunnels and the tunnelling crew despite ever-improving tunnelling methods. This is regardless of the type of rock encountered and can result in significantly increased construction costs.
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Schwarz, L., Reichl, I., Kirschner, H. et al. Risks and hazards caused by groundwater during tunnelling: geotechnical solutions used as demonstrated by recent examples from Tyrol, Austria. Environ Geol 49, 858–864 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0181-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0181-9