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Impacts of dispersants on microbial communities and ecological systems

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Abstract

Accidental oil spills can result in catastrophic ecological insults and therefore require rapid intervention to mitigate the potential impacts to aquatic ecosystems. One of the largest oil spills, known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, occurred in the Spring of 2010 near the coast of Louisiana (USA) due to an explosion during oil drilling activities. Millions of gallons of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico, impacting thousands of ocean miles and coastal areas linked to the gulf. Among the actions taken during the remediation efforts was the unprecedented large use of Corexit dispersants, including at the subsurface to prevent oil from reaching the surface. While there is evidence that dispersants can accelerate the biodegradation of oil, reports on their potential toxicity to aquatic biota and to microbial functions have also been documented. In this review, we will examine the most recent literature on the impact of dispersants on microbial communities implicated in oil degradation and overall ecological networks. The primary focus will be on studies using Corexit but other dispersants will be discussed if data are available. We will share the literature gaps identified and discuss future work that is needed to reconcile some of the discrepancies found on the effectiveness of dispersants on oil degradation and their potential toxicity.

Key points

• Chemical dispersants have been applied as a chemical response measure for oil spills.

• The effects of chemical dispersants on microbial communities have been the subject of substantial research.

• This work seeks to review recent work on the impact of chemical dispersants on oil biodegradation, microbial communities, and ecosystems.

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The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and participated in the research described herein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Stephen M. Techtmann

  2. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Jorge Santo Domingo & Robyn Conmy

  3. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA

    Mace Barron

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  1. Stephen M. Techtmann
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  2. Jorge Santo Domingo
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ST, JS, RC, and MB all wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Stephen M. Techtmann or Jorge Santo Domingo.

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Techtmann, S.M., Santo Domingo, J., Conmy, R. et al. Impacts of dispersants on microbial communities and ecological systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107, 1095–1106 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12332-z

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