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Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and its potential as fermentation feedstock

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Abstract

Distillers’ dried grain with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of bioethanol fermentation, which uses the dry milling technology for starch-rich grains such as corn, wheat, and barley. The current interest in bioethanol is increasing due to the need for renewable liquid fuels specifically in the transportation sector. Since DDGS is rich in crude protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, it is currently used as aquaculture, livestock, and poultry feeds. In recent years, DDGS has been used as feedstock in the production of value-added products via microbial fermentation. Numerous studies reported the production organic acids, methane, biohydrogen, and hydrolytic enzymes using DDGS. While DDGS contains remarkable amounts of macronutrients, pre-treatment of DDGS is required for release of the fermentable sugars. The pre-treatment methods such as chemical, physical, and biological origin are either solely used or combined to obtain maximal yields for different applications. Therefore, this review summarizes some of the most prominent pre-treatment processes generating high fermentable sugar yields for the productions of value-added products in the last 5 years. A special focus has been given to the effect of the variability of DDGS on the final product. Integration of hydrolytic enzyme production with the traditional bioethanol production facilities has been discussed for further improvement of bioethanol, methane, and biohydrogen using DDGS as fermentation feedstock.

Key points

• Distillers’ dried grain with solubles (DDGS) has high nutritional value, but the nutritional profile is variable.

• DDGS can be used for microbial fermentation feedstock to produce value-added products.

• A review of the microbial products using DDGS is given for the last 5 years.

• DDGS has the potential to replace expensive feedstocks of value-added products.

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Funding

This study was funded in part by Fulbright Student Program and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04594 and accession number 1007291.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Attia Iram & Ali Demirci

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Deniz Cekmecelioglu

  3. The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Ali Demirci

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  1. Attia Iram
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A.D. and D.C. conceived the idea. A.I. drafted the manuscript of the mini-review paper. A.D. and D.C. critically evaluated and made significant improvements. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali Demirci.

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Iram, A., Cekmecelioglu, D. & Demirci, A. Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and its potential as fermentation feedstock. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 6115–6128 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10682-0

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