Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development and application of a colloidal gold test strip for detection of avian leukosis virus

  • Methods and protocols
  • Published:
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that induces leukemia-like proliferative diseases in chickens. ALV infection can result in the development of immunological tolerance and persistent viremia. Since effective vaccines against ALV are not yet available, its current prevention primarily depends on detection and eradication to establish exogenous ALV-free poultry flocks. In this study, a rapid and simple colloidal gold test strip method, specific for the group-specific antigen, p27 protein, was developed and systematically evaluated for the detection of ALV from different samples. The detection limit of this assay was as low as 6.25 ng/ml for p27 protein and 80 TCID50/ml for different subgroups of ALV. Besides, the test strip showed high specificity in the detection of different subgroups of ALV, including ALV-A, ALV-B, ALV-J, and ALV-K, with no cross-reaction with other avian pathogens. Furthermore, we artificially infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with ALV-J, collected cloacal swabs, and examined viral shedding using both test strips and ELISA. Results from the test strip were highly consistent with that from ELISA. In addition, 1104 virus isolates from anti-coagulant blood samples, 645 albumen samples, and 4312 meconium samples were tested, and the test strip results agreed with those of ELISA kit up to 97.1%. All the results indicated that the colloidal gold test strip could serve as a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method for eradication of ALV in poultry farms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adkins HB, Blacklow SC, Young JA (2001) Two functionally distinct forms of a retroviral receptor explain the nonreciprocal receptor interference among subgroups B, D, and E avian leukosis viruses. J Virol 758:3520–3526. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.8.3520-3526.2001

  • Barbour EK, Hamadeh SK (1997) National surveillance of poultry diseases in Lebanon. Rev Sci Tech 163:770–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard RJ, Elleder D, Young JA (2006) Avian sarcoma and leukosis virus-receptor interactions: from classical genetics to novel insights into virus-cell membrane fusion. Virology 3441:25–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Y, Cui Z, Qin A (2000) Isolation of subgroup J avian leukosis viruses and their partial sequence comparison. Chin J Virol 2000(04):341–346. https://doi.org/10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.001274 (In Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fadly AM, Smith EJ (1999) Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States. Avian Dis 433:391–400. https://doi.org/10.2307/1592636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao YL, Qin LT, Pan W, Wang YQ, Le Qi X, Gao HL, Wang XM (2010a) Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer chickens, China. Emerg Infect Dis 1610:1637–1638. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1610.100780

  • Gao YL, Shao HB, Luo QP, Pan W, Qin LT, Sun FF, Liu CN, Gao HL, Qi XL, Wang XM (2010b) Molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus isolates from some regions of China in 2009. Chin J Prev Vet Med 321:32–31. (In Chinese)

  • Lai H, Zhang H, Ning Z, Chen R, Zhang W, Qing A, Xin C, Yu K, Cao W, Liao M (2011) Isolation and characterization of emerging subgroup J avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in egg-type chickens. Vet Microbiol 1513-4:275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Qin L, Zhu H, Sun Y, Cui X, Gao Y, Qi X, Wang Y, Gao H, Gao Y, Wang X (2016) Identification of a linear B-cell epitope on the avian leukosis virus P27 protein using monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 16110:2871–2877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2971-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Zhu H, Wang Q, Sun J, Gao Y, Qi X, Wang Y, Gao H, Gao Y, Wang X (2015) Identification of a novel B-cell epitope specific for avian leukosis virus subgroup J gp85 protein. Arch Virol 1604:995–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2318-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono M, Tsukamoto K, Tanimura N, Haritani M, Kimura KM, Suzuki G, Okuda Y, Sato S (2004) An epizootic of subcutaneous tumors associated with subgroup A avian leukosis/sarcoma virus in young layer chickens. Avian Dis 484:940–946. https://doi.org/10.1637/7162-020204R

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne LN, Brown SR, Bumstead N, Howes K, Frazier JA, Thouless ME (1991) A novel subgroup of exogenous avian leukosis virus in chickens. J Gen Virol 72 ( Pt 4)4:801–807. doi:https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-801

  • Payne LN, Gillespie AM, Howes K (1993) Unsuitability of chicken sera for detection of exogenous ALV by the group-specific antigen ELISA. Vet Rec 13222:555–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne LN, Holmes AE, Howes K, Pattison M, Pollock DL, Walters DE (1982) Further studies on the eradication and epizootiology of lymphoid leukosis virus infection in a commercial strain of chickens. Avian Pathol 111:145–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne LN, Howes K, Gillespie AM, Smith LM (1992) Host range of Rous sarcoma virus pseudotype RSV (HPRS-103) in 12 avian species: support for a new avian retrovirus envelope subgroup, designated J. J Gen Virol 73 (Pt 11)11:2995–2997

  • Qiu Y, Qian K, Shen H, Jin W, Qin A (2011) Development and validation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of avian leukosis virus antibodies based on a recombinant capsid protein. J Vet Diagn Investig 235:991–993. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638711416966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao MZ, Zhao ZJ, Yuan LX, Chen J, Feng M, Zhang J, Liao M, Cao WS (2018) The construction and application of a cell line resistant to novel subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) infection. Arch Virol 1631:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3563-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HL, Eisenman RN (1984) New findings on the congenital transmission of avian leukosis viruses. Science 2254660:417–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sithigorngul W, Rukpratanporn S, Sittidilokratna N, Pecharaburanin N, Longyant S, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul P (2007) A convenient immunochromatographic test strip for rapid diagnosis of yellow head virus infection in shrimp. J Virol Methods 1401-2:193–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith EJ, Fadly A, Okazaki W (1979) An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. Avian Dis 233:698–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, Cui Z (2007) Epidemiological and pathological studies of subgroup J avian leukosis virus infections in Chinese local “yellow” chickens. Avian Pathol 363:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450701332345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukamoto K, Hihara H, Kono Y (1991) Detection of avian leukosis virus antigens by the ELISA and its use for detection of infectious virus after cultivation of samples and partial characterization of specific pathogen-free chicken lines maintained in this laboratory. J Vet Med Sci 533:399–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venugopal K (1999) Avian leukosis virus subgroup J: a rapidly evolving group of oncogenic retroviruses. Res Vet Sci 672:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.1998.0283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venugopal K, Smith LM, Howes K, Payne LN (1998) Antigenic variants of J subgroup avian leukosis virus: sequence analysis reveals multiple changes in the env gene. J Gen Virol 79 ( Pt 4) sup1:757–766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-79-4-757

  • Wang Q, Gao Y, Wang Y, Qin L, Qi X, Qu Y, Gao H, Wang X (2012) A 205-nucleotide deletion in the 3′ untranslated region of avian leukosis virus subgroup J, currently emergent in China, contributes to its pathogenicity. J Virol 8623:12849–12860. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01113-12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu B, Dong W, Yu C, He Z, Lv Y, Sun Y, Feng X, Li N, Lee LF, Li M (2004) Occurrence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in commercial layer flocks in China. Avian Pathol 331:13–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450310001636237a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yun B, Li D, Zhu H, Liu W, Qin L, Liu Z, Wu G, Wang Y, Qi X, Gao H, Wang X, Gao Y (2013) Development of an antigen-capture ELISA for the detection of avian leukosis virus p27 antigen. J Virol Methods 1872:278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zander DV, Raymond RG, McClary CF, Goodwin K (1975) Eradication of subgroups A and B lymphoid leukosis virus from commercial poultry breeding flocks. Avian Dis 193:403–423

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the National Key Research & Development (R&D) Plan (2016YFD0501605) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31761133002).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Mengmeng Yu and Yuanling Bao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

    Mengmeng Yu, Yuanling Bao, Lixiao Xing, Fangfang Chang, Yongzhen Liu, Muhammad Farooque, Yongqiang Wang, Xiaole Qi, Changjun Liu, Yanping Zhang, Hongyu Cui, Kai Li, Li Gao, Qing Pan, Xiaomei Wang & Yulong Gao

  2. Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People’s Republic of China

    Muping Wang & Haibo Zhu

  3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of infection and immunity, Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoyan Wang

Authors
  1. Mengmeng Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuanling Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muping Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haibo Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaoyan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lixiao Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Fangfang Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yongzhen Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Muhammad Farooque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yongqiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Xiaole Qi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Changjun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Yanping Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Hongyu Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Kai Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Li Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Qing Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Xiaomei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Yulong Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiaomei Wang or Yulong Gao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics statement

All animal studies with chicken were approved by the Review Board of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All animal procedures were performed according to international standards on animal welfare.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, M., Bao, Y., Wang, M. et al. Development and application of a colloidal gold test strip for detection of avian leukosis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103, 427–435 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9461-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9461-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation