Abstract
Phages, the most abundant species in the mammalian gut, have numerous advantages as biocontrol agent over antibiotics. In this study, mice were orally treated with the lytic gut phage PA13076 (group B), the temperate phage BP96115 (group C), no phage (group A), or streptomycin (group D) over 31 days. At the end of the experiment, fecal microbiota diversity and composition was determined and compared using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and virus-like particles (VLPs) were quantified in feces. There was high diversity and richness of microbiota in the lytic and temperate gut phage-treated mice, with the lytic gut phage causing an increased alpha diversity based on the Chao1 index (p < 0.01). However, the streptomycin treatment reduced the microbiota diversity and richness (p = 0.0299). Both phage and streptomycin treatments reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level (p < 0.01) and increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Interestingly, two beneficial genera, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were enhanced by treatment with the lytic and temperate gut phage. The abundance of the genus Escherichia/Shigella was higher in mice after temperate phage administration than in the control group (p < 0.01), but lower than in the streptomycin group. Moreover, streptomycin treatment increased the abundance of the genera Klebsiella and Escherichia/Shigella (p < 0.01). In terms of the gut virome, fecal VLPs did not change significantly after phage treatment. This study showed that lytic and temperate gut phage treatment modulated the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and the lytic gut phage promoted a beneficial gut ecosystem, while the temperate phage may promote conditions enabling diseases to occur.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31701725 and 31671955), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20161373), Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Foundation (No. cx (16) 1028), Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base (No. 3201615), and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control.
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HDB, SS, and RW designed the experiments; HDB, MDP, XHZ, HZ, YZ, and LCS performed the experiments; HDB, AO, SS, and RW analyzed the data and wrote the paper.
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All procedures involving animals were approved by the Animal Care and Ethic Committee of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
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Bao, Hd., Pang, Md., Olaniran, A. et al. Alterations in the diversity and composition of mice gut microbiota by lytic or temperate gut phage treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102, 10219–10230 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9378-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9378-6