Abstract
Factors affecting microbial aerobic biodegradation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol [6:2 FTOH, F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH] were investigated using three alkane-degrading bacteria (Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, Pseudomonas oleovorans, and Pseudomonas butanovora) and one fluoroacetate-degrading bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 8341). In the presence of formate (an external reducing energy source), P. fluorescens DSM 8341 produced perfluorobutanoic acid by removing three –CF2– groups from 6:2 FTOH. Only P. fluorescens DSM 8341 transformed 5:3 acid to 4:3 acid and perfluoropentanoic acid. However, formate showed no effects on the degradation rates, patterns, or transformation products of 6:2 FTOH by M. vaccae JOB5. When dicyclopropylketone (an alkane hydroxylase inducer) or formate was added, P. oleovorans rapidly degraded 6:2 FTOH and produced PFPeA. In the presence of lactate, P. butanovora degraded 6:2 FTOH slowly but produced diverse metabolites. Our results demonstrate that the extent and mechanisms of 6:2 FTOH biotransformation are affected by strain types, enzyme inducers, and levels of reducing energy.
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Acknowledgments
This study was partially supported by a collaborative research grant from E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE 19801. The authors also thank Dr. R. C. Buck for comments on the manuscript.
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Kim, M.H., Wang, N. & Chu, K.H. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) biodegradation by multiple microbial species under different physiological conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98, 1831–1840 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5131-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5131-3