Skip to main content
Log in

Expression and production of llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragments (VHHs) by Aspergillus awamori

  • Biotechnological Products and Process Engineering
  • Published:
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 07 December 2004

Abstract

We report the expression and production of llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragments (VHHs) by Aspergillus awamori. Fragments encoding VHHs were cloned in a suitable Aspergillus expression vector and transformants secreting VHH fragments were analysed for integrated gene copy-numbers, mRNA levels and protein production. Functional VHHs were detected in the culture medium, indicating the feasibility of producing this type of protein in a fungal expression system. Secreted VHHs were subjected to (extracellular) degradation, which could be partially prevented by the addition of BSA to the culture medium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6a,b

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Archer DB, MacKenzie DA, Jeenes DJ, Roberts IN (1992) Proteolytic degradation of heterologous proteins expressed in Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett 5:357–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer DB, Jeenes DJ, Mackenzie DA (1994) Strategies for improving heterologous protein production from filamentous fungi. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 65:245–250

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beggs T, Hammond K, Klugkist J (1995) Oral compositions. WO Patent 95/01155

  • Bennett JW, Lasure LL (1991) Growth media. In: Bennett JW, Lasure LL (eds) More gene manipulations in fungi. Academic, San Diego, pp 441–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake MS, Johnston KH, Russell-Jones GJ, Gotschlich EC (1984) A rapid, sensitive method for detection of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-antibody on Western blots. Anal Biochem 136:175–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conesa A, Punt PJ, van Luijk N, van den Hondel CAMJJ (2001) The secretion pathway in filamentous fungi: a biotechnological view. Fungal Genet Biol 33:155–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conrath KE, Lauwereys M, Galleni M, Matagne A, Frere JM, Kinne J, Wyns L, Muyldermans S (2001) Beta-lactamase inhibitors derived from single-domain antibody fragments elicited in the camelidae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:2807–2812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies J, Riechmann L (1994) ‘Camelising’ human antibody fragments: NMR studies on VH domains. FEBS Lett 339:285–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies J, Riechmann L (1996) Single antibody domains as small recognition units: design and in vitro antigen selection of camelized, human VH domains with improved protein stability. Protein Eng 9:531–537

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Decanniere K, Desmyter A, Lauwereys M, Ghahroudi MA, Muyldermans S, Wyns L (1999) A single-domain antibody fragment in complex with RNase A: non-canonical loop structures and nanomolar affinity using two CDR loops. Struct Fold Des 7:361–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmyter A, Transue TR, Ghahroudi MA, Thi MH, Poortmans F, Hamers R, Muyldermans S, Wyns L (1996) Crystal structure of a camel single-domain VH antibody fragment in complex with lysozyme. Nat Struct Biol 3:803–811

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frenken LGJ, Hessing JG, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Verrips CT (1998) Recent advances in the large-scale production of antibody fragments using lower eukaryotic microorganisms. Res Immunol 149:589–599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frenken LGJ, van der Linden RH, Hermans PW, Bos JW, Ruuls RC, de Geus B, Verrips CT (2000) Isolation of antigen specific llama VHH antibody fragments and their high level secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 78:11–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gharoudi MA, Desmyter A, Wyns L, Hamers R, Muyldermans S (1997) Selection and identification of single domain antibody fragments from camel heavy-chain antibodies. FEBS Lett 414:521–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon CL, Khalaj V, Ram AF, Archer DB, Brookman JL, Trinci AP, Jeenes DJ, Doonan JH, Wells B, Punt PJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Robson GD (2000) Glucoamylase∷green fluorescent protein fusions to monitor protein secretion in Aspergillus niger. Microbiology 146:415–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, Hessing JG, Stam H, Musters W, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1995) A novel strategy for the isolation of defined pyrG mutants and the development of a site-specific integration system for Aspergillus awamori. Curr Genet 27:536–540

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, Hessing JG, Punt PJ, Stam H, Musters W, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1996a) An expression system based on the promoter region of the Aspergillus awamori 1,4-beta-endoxylanase A gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46:28–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, Punt PJ, Hessing JG, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1996b) Analysis of heterologous protein production in defined recombinant Aspergillus awamori strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1951–1957

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, Punt PJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1997) Efficient production of secreted proteins by Aspergillus: progress, limitations and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 47:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, Gerk C, Hooykaas PJJ, Bundock P, Musters M, Verrips CT, de Groot MJA (1999) Transformation of Aspergillus awamori by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated homologous recombination. Nat Biotechnol 17:598–601

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouka RJ, van der Heiden M, Swarthoff T, Verrips CT (2001) Cloning of a phenol oxidase gene from Acremonium murorum and its expression in Aspergillus awamori. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:2610–2616

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamers-Casterman C, Atarhouch T, Muyldermans S, Robinson G, Hamers C, Songa EB, Bendahman N, Hamers R (1993) Naturally occurring antibodies devoid of light chains. Nature 363:446–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes MJ, Corrick CM, King JA (1983) Isolation of genomic clones containing the amdS gene of Aspergillus nidulans and their use in the analysis of structural and regulatory mutations. Mol Cell Biol 3:1430–1439

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kabat E, Wu TT, Perry HM, Gottesman KS, Foeller C (1991) Sequence of proteins of immunological interest. Publication No 91-3242. US Public Health Services, NIH, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolar M, Punt PJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Schwab H (1988) Transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum using dominant selection markers and expression of an Escherichia coli lacZ fusion gene. Gene 62:127–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joosten V, Lokman BC, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Punt PJ (2003) The ?????

  • Lauwereys M, Arbabi Ghahroudi M, Desmyter A, Kinne J, Holzer W, De Genst E, Wyns L, Muyldermans S (1998) Potent enzyme inhibitors derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies. EMBO J 17:3512–3520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lokman BC, Joosten V, Hovenkamp J, Gouka RJ, Verrips CT, van den Hondel CAMJJ (2003) Efficient production of Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase by Aspergillus awamori. J Biotechnol 26:183–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Mehren M, Weiner LM (1996) Monoclonal antibody-based therapy. Curr Opin Oncol 8:493–498

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muyldermans S (2001) Single domain camel antibodies: current status. J Biotechnol 74:277–302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muyldermans S, Atarhouch T, Saldanha J, Barbosa JA, Hamers R (1994) Sequence and structure of VH domain from naturally occurring camel heavy chain immunoglobulins lacking light chains. Protein Eng 7:1129–1135

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padlan EA (1994) Anatomy of the antibody molecule. Mol Immunol 31:169–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez JM, Renisio JG, Prompers JJ, van Platerink CJ, Cambillau C, Darbon H, Frenken LG (2001) Thermal unfolding of a llama antibody fragment: a two-state reversible process. Biochemistry 9:74–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter P, Coley J, Gani M (1988) Immunochemical criteria for successful matching of monoclonal antibodies to immunoassays of peptide hormones for assessment of pregnancy and ovulation. Prog Clin Biol Res 285:181–200

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Punt PJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1992) Transformation of filamentous fungi based on hygromycin B and phleomycin resistance markers. Methods Enzymol 216:447–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Punt PJ, van Biezen N, Conesa A, Albers A, Mangnus J, van den Hondel CAMJJ (2002) Filamentous fungi as cell factories for heterologous protein production. Trends Biotechnol 20:200–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning—a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawai-Hatanaka H, Ashikari T, Tanaka Y, Asada Y, Nakayama T, Minakata H, Kunishima N, Fukuyama K, Yamada H, Shibano Y, Amachi T (1995) Cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of a gene coding for Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 59:1221–1228

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheriff S, Constantine KL (1996) Redefining the minimal antigen-binding fragment. Nat Struct Biol 3:733–736

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spinelli S, Frenken L, Bourgeois D, de Ron L, Bos W, Verrips CT, Anguille C, Cambillau C, Tegoni M (1996) The crystal structure of a llama heavy chain variable domain. Nat Struct Biol 3:752–757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Te’o VS, Cziferszky AE, Bergquist PL, Nevalainen KM (2000) Codon optimization of xylanase gene xynB from the thermophilic bacterium Dictyoglomus thermophilum for expression in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. FEMS Microbiol Lett 190:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomassen YE, Meijer W, Sierkstra L, Verrips CT (2002) Large-scale production of VHH antibody fragments by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb Technol 30:273–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Transue TR, De Genst E, Ghahroudi MA, Wyns L, Muyldermans S (1998) Camel single-domain antibody inhibits enzyme by mimicking carbohydrate substrate. Proteins 32:515–522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van den Hombergh JP, van de Vondervoort PJ, Fraissinet-Tachet L, Visser J (1997) Aspergillus as a host for heterologous protein production: the problem of proteases. Trends Biotechnol 15:256–263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van den Hondel CAMJJ, Punt PJ, van Gorcom RFM (1991) Heterologous gene expression in filamentous fungi. In: Bennett JW, Lasure LL (eds) More gene manipulations in fungi. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 396–428

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Linden RH, Frenken LG, de Geus B, Harmsen MM, Ruuls RC, Stok W, de Ron L, Wilson S, Davis P, Verrips CT (1999) Comparison of physical chemical properties of llama VHH antibody fragments and mouse monoclonal antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1431:37–46

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Gemeren IA, Beijersbergen A, Musters W, Gouka RJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Verrips CT (1996) The effect of pre- and pro-sequences and multicopy integration on heterologous expression of the Fusarium solani pisi cutinase gene in Aspergillus awamori. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45:755–763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Peij NN, Visser J, de Graaff LH (1998) Isolation and analysis of xlnR, encoding a transcriptional activator co-ordinating xylanolytic expression in Aspergillus niger. Mol Microbiol 27:131–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdoes JC, Punt PJ, Stouthamer AH, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1994) The effect of multiple copies of the upstream region on expression of the Aspergillus niger glucoamylase-encoding gene. Gene 145:179–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verdoes JC, Punt PJ, van den Hondel CAMJJ (1995) Molecular genetic strain improvement for the overproduction of fungal proteins by filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43:195–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward M, Wilson LJ, Kodama KH, Rey MW, Berka RM (1990) Improved production of chymosin in Aspergillus by expression as a glucoamylase-chymosin fusion. Biotechnology 8:435–440

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The experiments described in this paper were carried out in the framework of a BTS project for Unilever Research Vlaardingen. The authors thank Marc Roelofs and Dr. Frank Schuren for technical assistance. Dr. Peter Punt and Nicole van Luijk are acknowledged for critical reading of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1823-z

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Joosten, V., Gouka, R.J., van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. et al. Expression and production of llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragments (VHHs) by Aspergillus awamori. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66, 384–392 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1689-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1689-0

Keywords

Navigation