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Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC

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An Erratum to this article was published on 05 May 2013

Abstract

The B7 family of genes is essential in the regulation of the adaptive immune system. Most B7 family members contain both variable (V)- and constant (C)-type domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Through in silico screening of the Xenopus genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis, we found novel genes belonging to the B7 family, one of which is the recently discovered B7H6. Humans and rats have a single B7H6 gene; however, many B7H6 genes were detected in a single large cluster in the Xenopus genome. The B7H6 expression patterns also varied in a species-specific manner. Human B7H6 binds to the activating natural killer receptor, NKp30. While the NKp30 gene is single-copy and maps to the MHC in most vertebrates, many Xenopus NKp30 genes were found in a cluster on a separate chromosome that does not harbor the MHC. Indeed, in all species so far analyzed from sharks to mammals, the number of NKp30 and B7H6 genes correlates well, suggestive of receptor-ligand co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified a Xenopus-specific B7 homolog (B7HXen) and revealed its close linkage to B2M, which we have demonstrated previously to have been originally encoded in the MHC. Thus, our study provides further proof that the B7 precursor was included in the proto MHC. Additionally, the comparative analysis revealed a new B7 family member, B7H7, which was previously designated in the literature as an unknown gene, HHLA2.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Du Pasquier for critical reading and his insightful suggestions. We also thank Caitlin Doremus for critical reading. This project is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant RR006603 and AI02877 to YO, and MFF, and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic MSM0021620858, Grant Agency of Czech Republic P502/11/P522, and University research Center in Czech UNCE 20413 for VK and TT.

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  1. Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSFI Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Martin F. Flajnik & Yuko Ohta

  2. Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 12844, Czech Republic

    Tereza Tlapakova & Vladimir Krylov

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Michael F. Criscitiello

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  1. Martin F. Flajnik
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Correspondence to Yuko Ohta.

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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-012-0622-4.

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Flajnik, M.F., Tlapakova, T., Criscitiello, M.F. et al. Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC. Immunogenetics 64, 571–590 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-012-0616-2

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