Abstract
Human cerebral malaria (CM) during acute Plasmodium falciparum infection is a serious neurological complication that leads to coma and death. P. berghei ANKA infection of CBA mice is a useful experimental model of CM. To identify host susceptibility loci, we performed chromosomal mapping in crossbred populations of both CM-susceptible CBA and CM-resistant DBA/2 mice. One significant region for a CM-susceptible locus in CBA mice was mapped to H2 region on Chromosome 17, tentatively designated cmsc. cmsc was mapped to a different chromosomal region from that previously reported in the C57BL/6 mouse model of CM. It is possible that different loci contribute to CM in CBA and C57BL/6 mouse strains. Comparison of the function of CM susceptibility loci between CBA and C57BL/6 mice could have important implications for the study of the complex pathogenesis of CM in humans.
References
Bagot S, Campino S, Penha-Goncalves C, Pied S, Cazennave P, Holmberg D (2002) Identification of two cerebral malaria resistant loci using an inbred wild-derived mouse strain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:9919–9923
Burt RA, Baldwin TM, Marshall VM, Foote SJ (1999) Temporal expression of H2-linked locus in host response to mouse malaria. Immunogenetics 50:278–285
Casanova JL, Schurr E, Abel L, Skamene E (2002) Forward genetics on infectious disease: immunological impact. Trends Genet 23:469–472
Dietrich WF (2001) Using mouse genetics to understand infectious disease pathogenesis. Genome Res 11:325–331
Festing MFW (1996) Origins and characteristics of inbred strains of mice. In: Lyon MF, Rastan S, Brown SDM (eds) Genetic variants and strains of the laboratory mouse, vol 2. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 1537–1576
Foote SJ, Burt RA, Baldwin TM, Roberts AW, Laural YL, Lew AM, Marshall VM (1997) Mouse loci for malaria-induced mortality and the control of parasitaemia. Nat Genet 17:380–381
Fortin A, Belouchi A, Tam M, Cardon L, Skamene E, Stevenson MM, Gros P (1997) Genetic control of blood parasitaemia in mouse malaria maps to chromosome 8. Nat Genet 17:382–383
Fortin A, Cardon L, Tam M, Skamene E, Stevenson MM, Gros P (2001) Identification of a new malaria susceptibility locus (Char4) in recombinant congenic strains of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10793–10798
Fortin A, Stevenson MM, Gros P (2002a) Complex genetic control of susceptibility to malaria in mice. Genes Immun 3:177–185
Fortin A, Stevenson MM, Gros P (2002b) Susceptibility to malaria as a complex trait: big pressure from a tiny creature. Hum Mol Genet 11:2469–2478
Grau GE, Heremans H, Piguet PE, Pointaire P, Lambert PH, Billiau A, Vassalli P (1989) Monoclonal antibody against interferon can prevent experimental cerebral malaria and its associated overproduction of tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:5572–5574
Hansen DS, Siomos M, Buckingham L, Scalzo AA, Schofield L (2003) Regulation of murine cerebral malaria pathogenesis by CD1d-restricted NKT cells and natural killer complex. Immunity 18:391–402
Kossodo S, Grau GE (1993) Profiles of cytokine production in relation with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. J Immunol 151:4811–4820
Lander E, Kruglyak L (1995) Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nat Genet 1:241–247
Langhorne J, Quin SJ, Sanni LA (2002) Mouse models of blood-stage malaria infections: immune responses and cytokines involved in protection and pathology. Chem Immunol 80:204–228
Lengeling A, Pfeffer K, Balling R (2001) The battle of two genomes: genetics of bacterial host/pathogen interactions in mice. Mamm Genome 12:261–271
Li C, Seixas E, Langohorne J (2001) Rodent malarias: the mouse as a model for understanding immune responses and pathology induced by the erythrocytic stages of the parasite. Med Microbiol Immunol 189:115–126
Lou J, Lucas R, Grau GE (2001) Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: recent experimental data and possible applications for humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:810–820
McClelland EE, Damjanovich K, Gardner K, Groesbeck ZJ, Ma MS, Nibley M, Richardson KS, Wilkinson M, Morrison LC, Bernhardt P, Potts WK (2004) Infection-dependent phenotypes in MHC-congenic mice are not due to MHC: can we trust congenic animals? BMC Immunol 5:14
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK (2002) The pathogenic basis of malaria. Nature 415:673–679
Monso-Hinard C, Beher C, Juillard P, Grau GE (1997) Expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells in relation to susceptibility to cerebral malaria. Immunology 92:53–59
Nagayasu E, Nagakura K, Akaki M, Tamiya G, Makino S, Nakano Y, Kimura M, Aikawa M (2002) Association of a determinant on mouse chromosome 18 with experimental severe Plasmodium berghei malaria. Infect Immun 70:512–516
Ohno T, Ishih A, Kohara Y, Yonekawa H, Terada M, Nishimura M (2001) Chromosomal mapping of the host resistance locus to rodent malaria (Plasmodium yoelii) infection in mice. Immunogenetics 53:736–740
Rawlings DJ, Saffran DC, Tsukada S, Largaespada DA, Grimaldi JC, Cohen L, Mohr RN, Bazan JF, Howard M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Witte ON (1993) Mutation of unique region of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase in immunodeficient XID mice. Science 261:358–361
Rudin W, Eugster HP, Bordmann G, Bonato J, Muller M, Yamage M, Ryffel B (1997) Resistance to cerebral malaria in tumor necrosis factor-alpha/beta-deficient mice is associated with a reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation and T helper type 1 response. Am J Pathol 150:257–266
Silver LM (1995) Genetic markers. In: Silver LM (ed) Mouse genetics. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 184–190
Taylor-Robinson AW (1995) Murine models of cerebral malaria: a qualified defence. Parasitol Today 11:407–409
Thomas JD, Sideras P, Smith CI, Vorechovsky I, Chapman V, Paul WE (1993) Colocalization of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and X-linked immunodeficiency genes. Science 261:355–358
Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB (2002) Genetic variability in response to infection: malaria and after. Genes Immun 3:331–337
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Grant-In-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohno, T., Nishimura, M. Detection of a new cerebral malaria susceptibility locus, using CBA mice. Immunogenetics 56, 675–678 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-004-0739-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-004-0739-1