Abstract
Although tunas represent a significant part of the global fish economy and a major nutritional resource worldwide, their microbiome still remains poorly documented. Here, we conducted an analysis of the taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting the gut, skin, and liver of two most consumed tropical tuna species (skipjack and yellowfin), from individuals caught in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. We hypothesized that each organ harbors a specific microbial assemblage whose composition might vary according to different biotic (sex, species) and/or abiotic (environmental) factors. Our results revealed that the composition of the tuna microbiome was totally independent of fish sex, regardless of the species and ocean considered. Instead, the main determinants of observed diversity were (i) tuna species for the gut and (ii) sampling site for the skin mucus layer and (iii) a combination of both parameters for the liver. Interestingly, 4.5% of all amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were shared by the three organs, highlighting the presence of a core-microbiota whose most abundant representatives belonged to the genera Mycoplasma, Cutibacterium, and Photobacterium. Our study also revealed the presence of a unique and diversified bacterial assemblage within the tuna liver, comprising a substantial proportion of potential histamine-producing bacteria, well known for their pathogenicity and their contribution to fish poisoning cases. These results indicate that this organ is an unexplored microbial niche whose role in the health of both the host and consumers remains to be elucidated.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Montpellier University of Excellence (I-site MUSE; Project The MOME) and the JEAI MOSANE (IRD) program for their financial support. We are grateful to Justin Amendé, Nadège Kouadio, Philippe Cecchi, Aurélie Guillou, and the Reunion Fishing Club of Saint Gilles les Bains, for their assistance during sampling.
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This project was funded by the Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE, Project The MOME) and the EC2CO program (DIANE).
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B.Y. conceived and obtained the funding of this study. Sampling expeditions were performed by B.Y., G.E., B.T., and R.- O.E. G.E. performed all laboratory procedures and data analysis. G.E. and B.Y. wrote the first draft which was revised and discussed with D.C., A. J.-C., R.-O. E., B.T., M. J.-L, A.A., and D.L.
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Gadoin, E., Desnues, C., d’Orbcastel, E.R. et al. Fishing for the Microbiome of Tropical Tuna. Microb Ecol 86, 742–755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02096-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02096-4