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The Diversity of Viral Community in Invasive Fruit Flies (Bactrocera and Zeugodacus) Revealed by Meta-transcriptomics

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

RNA viruses are extremely diverse and rapidly evolving in various organisms. Our knowledge on viral evolution with interacted hosts in the manner of ecology is still limited. In the agricultural ecosystem, invasive insect species are posing a great threat to sustainable crop production. Among them, fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae Bactrocera and Zeugodacus) are destructive to fruits and vegetables, which are also closely related and often share similar ecological niches. Thus, they are ideal models for investigating RNA virome dynamics in host species. Using meta-transcriptomics, we found 39 viral sequences in samples from 12 fly species. These viral species represented the diversity of the viromes including Dicistroviridae, negev-like virus clades, Thika virus clades, Solemoviridae, Narnaviridae, Nodaviridae, Iflaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyavirales, Partitiviridae, and Reoviridae. In particular, dicistrovirus, negev-like virus, orthomyxovirus, and orbivirus were common in over four of the fly species, which suggests a positive interaction between fly viromes that exist under the same ecological conditions. For most of the viruses, the virus-derived small RNAs displayed significantly high peaks in 21 nt and were symmetrically distributed throughout the viral genome. These results suggest that infection by these viruses can activate the host’s RNAi immunity. Our study provides RNA virome diversity and evidence on their infection activity in ecologically associated invasive fruit fly species, which could help our understanding of interactions between complex species and viruses.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyses during the current study are available in the NCBI.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Cao Jun (Yunnan University) for providing the samples of Bactrocera correcta.

Funding

The authors received support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD1002100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701846), earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry (Citrus) Technology Research System of China (CARS-26), and 111 Project (B18044).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Wei Zhang, Yan-Chun Zhang, Zi-Guo Wang, Qiao-Ying Gu, Jin-zhi Niu & Jin-Jun Wang

  2. State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Wei Zhang, Yan-Chun Zhang, Zi-Guo Wang, Qiao-Ying Gu, Jin-zhi Niu & Jin-Jun Wang

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  1. Wei Zhang
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  2. Yan-Chun Zhang
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  3. Zi-Guo Wang
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  4. Qiao-Ying Gu
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  5. Jin-zhi Niu
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Contributions

WZ, JN, and JW designed the study. The experiments are performed by WZ, YZ, ZW, and QG. WZ, YZ, ZW, and QG analyzed the data. WZ wrote the initial draft. JN and JW edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jin-Jun Wang.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Zhang, W., Zhang, YC., Wang, ZG. et al. The Diversity of Viral Community in Invasive Fruit Flies (Bactrocera and Zeugodacus) Revealed by Meta-transcriptomics. Microb Ecol 83, 739–752 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01790-z

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