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Eutrophication and Related Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci in the Minjiang River, China

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the aquatic environment has received increasing attention in recent years, and growing eutrophication problems may contribute to AMR in aquatic ecosystems. To evaluate whether and how eutrophication affects AMR, 40 surface water samples were collected from the Minjiang River, Fujian Province, China. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) were measured as eutrophication factors. Additionally, enterococci species were isolated and their resistance to six common antibiotics was tested. Eutrophication generally showed a trend of increasing with the flow direction of the Minjiang River, with 25 sites (62.5%) having a TN/TP value over the Redfield value (16:1), which indicated that eutrophication in this region was of phosphorus limitation. High nutrition sites were in or near urban areas. Poor quality water was found in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River system. The resistance frequency of 40 enterococci isolates to the six antibiotics tested was as follows: oxytetracycline > erythromycin > ciprofloxacin > chloramphenicol > ampicillin > vancomycin (70, 50, 17.5, 12.5, 2.5, 0%), and the multi-resistant rate reached 50% with eight resistance phenotypes. AMR also increased along the direction of water flow downstream, and most of the sites with the highest AMR were in or near urban areas, as was true for nutrition levels. Positive correlations between AMR and eutrophication factors (TN, TP, and CODMn) were identified using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and TN/TP generally was negatively related to AMR. These results indicated that eutrophication may induce or selective for resistance of water-borne pathogens to antibiotics, with a high resistance level and a wide resistance spectrum.

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the grants from the State Key Development Program during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (Grant no. 2016YFD0501310), the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31272606 and 31602106), and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province, China (2017J01598).

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  1. Yu-hong Chen is equal contribution to this manuscript as the first author.

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  1. Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Xiao-dong Li, Yu-hong Chen, Can Liu, Juan Hong, Hui Deng & Dao-jin Yu

  2. Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350119, China

    Yu-hong Chen

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  1. Xiao-dong Li
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Li, Xd., Chen, Yh., Liu, C. et al. Eutrophication and Related Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci in the Minjiang River, China. Microb Ecol 80, 1–13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01464-x

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