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Fungal Succession During the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fine Roots

  • Fungal Microbiology
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Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fine roots account for a substantial proportion of forest production and their decomposition releases large amounts of nutrients to the soil ecosystem. However, little is known about the fungi involved in ECM decomposition, including assemblages of fungal saprotrophs, endophytes, and the ECM fungi themselves. To follow fungal succession during the degradation of senescing fine roots, understory seedlings of Abies balsamea and Picea rubens at two sites in the Acadian forest of Nova Scotia were either severed at the root collar or left as controls. Root systems were collected sequentially over two growing seasons and assessed for fine root loss and ECM mantle integrity. ECM were identified by ITS-PCR and grouped into broad morphological categories. Fungal communities colonizing the senescing fine roots were also monitored by systematically constructing clone libraries over the course of the experiment. ECM with cottony, weakly pigmented mantles (e.g., Cortinarius) degraded within the first year. Those with cottony, but intensely pigmented mantles (Piloderma), and smooth mantles with weak pigmentation (Russulaceae) degraded more slowly. Smooth, melanized ECM (Cenococcum and Tomentella) generally maintained integrity over the course of the experiment. Rates of fine root loss and changes in ECM mantle integrity were positively correlated with soil temperature. ECM DNA was detected throughout the experiment, and was not replaced by that of saprotrophic species during the two seasons sampled. However, fungal root endophytes (e.g., Helotiaceae) initially increased in abundance and then decreased as mantles degraded, suggesting a possible role in ECM decomposition.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Province of Nova Scotia for funding, as well as the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources for accesses to field sites, the staff at the Mersey-Tobeatic Research Institute for their support, and Amanda Griffin for technical assistance.

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  1. Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada

    Logan Gray

  2. Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, B3M 2J6, Canada

    Gavin Kernaghan

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Table S1

Identifications, GenBank accession numbers and functional guild designations of operational taxonomic units obtained from clone libraries. (XLSX 18 kb)

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Gray, L., Kernaghan, G. Fungal Succession During the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fine Roots. Microb Ecol 79, 271–284 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01418-3

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