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Simulated Marine Heat Wave Alters Abundance and Structure of Vibrio Populations Associated with the Pacific Oyster Resulting in a Mass Mortality Event

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Marine heat waves are predicted to become more frequent and intense due to anthropogenically induced climate change, which will impact global production of seafood. Links between rising seawater temperature and disease have been documented for many aquaculture species, including the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The oyster harbours a diverse microbial community that may act as a source of opportunistic pathogens during temperature stress. We rapidly raised the seawater temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C resulting in an oyster mortality rate of 77.4%. Under the same temperature conditions and with the addition of antibiotics, the mortality rate was only 4.3%, strongly indicating a role for bacteria in temperature-induced mortality. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a change in the oyster microbiome when the temperature was increased to 25 °C, with a notable increase in the proportion of Vibrio sequences. This pattern was confirmed by qPCR, which revealed heat stress increased the abundance of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fortis by 324-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Our findings indicate that heat stress-induced mortality of C. gigas coincides with an increase in the abundance of putative bacterial pathogens in the oyster microbiome and highlights the negative consequences of marine heat waves on food production from aquaculture.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the funding provided by Macquarie University postdoctoral research scheme to TG (MQ grant #9201300681) and Australian Research Council to JS (ARC grants FT130100218 and LP160101785).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

    Timothy J. Green & David Raftos

  2. Centre for Shellfish Research, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada

    Timothy J. Green

  3. Climate Change Cluster (C3) Ocean Microbes Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Nachshon Siboni, William L. King & Justin R. Seymour

  4. The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    William L. King & Maurizio Labbate

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  1. Timothy J. Green
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Green, T.J., Siboni, N., King, W.L. et al. Simulated Marine Heat Wave Alters Abundance and Structure of Vibrio Populations Associated with the Pacific Oyster Resulting in a Mass Mortality Event. Microb Ecol 77, 736–747 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1242-9

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