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Photosynthetic Picoeukaryotes in the Land-Fast Ice of the White Sea, Russia

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

The White Sea is a unique marine environment combining features of temperate and Arctic seas. The composition and abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) were investigated in the land-fast ice of the White Sea, Russia, in March 2013 and 2014. High-throughput tag sequencing (Illumina MiSeq system) of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene was used to reveal the diversity of PPE ice community. The integrated PPE abundance varied from 11 × 106 cells/m2 to 364 × 106 cells/m2; the integrated biomass ranged from 0.02 to 0.26 mg С/m2. The composition of sea-ice PPEs was represented by 16 algae genera belonging to eight classes and three super-groups. Chlorophyta, especially Mamiellophyceae, dominated among ice PPEs. The detailed analysis revealed the latent diversity of Micromonas and Mantоniella. Micromonas clade E2 revealed in the subarctic White Sea ice indicates that the area of distribution of this species is wider than previously thought. We suppose there exists a new Micromonas clade F. Micromonas clade C and Minutocellulus polymorphus were first discovered in the ice and extend the modern concept of sympagic communities’ diversity generally and highlights the importance of further targeting subarctic sea ice for microbial study.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-50-00029, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-05-00502, samples collecting and processing). We thank Dr. A.I. Azovsky (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia) for help in statistical analyses and the stuff of the White Sea Biological Station, Lomonosov Moscow State University, for kind assisting in samples collection.

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  1. Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    T. A. Belevich & L. V. Ilyash

  2. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    I. A. Milyutina, M. D. Logacheva, D. V. Goryunov & A. V. Troitsky

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  1. T. A. Belevich
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  2. L. V. Ilyash
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Correspondence to T. A. Belevich.

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Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary S1

The description of the script used to receive the consensus sequence of the OTUs. (DOCX 13 kb)

Figure S2

Air temperature at the White Sea Biological Station (shaded area corresponds to sampling period). (GIF 68 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 10233 kb)

Figure S3

Compensatory base changes in the helices of the 18S rRNA secondary structure: (a) Micromonas (helices E23_4,7); (b) Mantoniella (helices E23_1 and H25). The CBCs are shown in rectangles, hemi-СВСs – in ellipses. (GIF 50 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 3312 kb)

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Belevich, T.A., Ilyash, L.V., Milyutina, I.A. et al. Photosynthetic Picoeukaryotes in the Land-Fast Ice of the White Sea, Russia. Microb Ecol 75, 582–597 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1076-x

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