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Relative Abundance and Strain Diversity in the Bacterial Endosymbiont Community of a Sap-Feeding Insect Across Its Native and Introduced Geographic Range

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Most insects are associated with bacterial symbionts. The bacterial diversity and community composition within hosts may play an important role in shaping insect population biology, ecology and evolution. We focussed on the bacterial microbiome of the Australian fig homotomid Mycopsylla fici (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), which can cause defoliation of its only host tree, Ficus macrophylla. This sap-feeding insect is native to mainland Australia and Lord Howe Island (LHI) but also occurs where its host has been planted, notably in New Zealand. By using a high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing approach, we compared the bacterial diversity and community composition in individual adult males of four host populations, Sydney, Brisbane, LHI and Auckland. We also compared males, females and nymphs of the Sydney population. The microbiome of M. fici was simple and consisted mostly of the following three maternally inherited endosymbiont species: the primary endosymbiont Carsonella, a secondary (S-) endosymbiont and Wolbachia. However, the relative abundance of their sequence reads varied between host populations, except for similarities between Sydney and Auckland. In addition, insects from Sydney and Auckland had identical bacterial strains supporting the hypothesis that Sydney is the source population for Auckland. In contrast, mainland and LHI populations harboured the same S-endosymbiont, co-diverged Carsonella but different Wolbachia strains. Besides detecting endosymbiont-specific patterns of either co-evolution or horizontal acquisition, our study highlights that relative abundance of maternally inherited endosymbionts should also be taken into account when studying bacterial communities across host populations, as variations in bacterial density may impact host biology and ecology.

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Acknowledgements

CF was supported by a Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Postgraduate Research Award. This research was also supported by a research grant of the Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF 12/10) to MR and JMC. We want to thank Tim Sutton, Desi Quintans, Aidan Hall, Jane DeGabriel, Courtney Campany and John Early for helping with the field collections as well as the Lord Howe Island Board and NSW Office of Environment and Heritage for the permission to collect specimens. We also want to thank Caroline Janitz, Emma Hackett and Jocelyn King from the Next-Generation Sequencing Facility at Western Sydney University for the 16S metagenomic sequencing services and advices.

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  1. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

    Caroline Fromont, Markus Riegler & James M. Cook

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  1. Caroline Fromont
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Correspondence to Caroline Fromont.

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Fromont, C., Riegler, M. & Cook, J.M. Relative Abundance and Strain Diversity in the Bacterial Endosymbiont Community of a Sap-Feeding Insect Across Its Native and Introduced Geographic Range. Microb Ecol 74, 722–734 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-0971-5

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