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Bacteria of the Family ‘Candidatus Midichloriaceae’ in Sympatric Zones of Ixodes Ticks: Genetic Evidence for Vertical Transmission

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Ixodes ticks transmit infectious agents and also harbor their own parasites and symbionts. The presumptive endosymbiont of Ixodes ricinus, ‘Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii’, has a unique ability to invade mitochondria within tick ovarian cells and is transovarially transmitted with 100% efficiency. A closely related bacterium, provisionally named Montezuma (now ‘Candidatus Lariskella arthropodarum’), was isolated from the Ixodes persulcatus ticks and human blood in 2004 as well as from Ixodes pavlovskyi in 2015. These microorganisms belong to the family ‘Candidatus Midichloriaceae fam. nov.’ and were detected not only in tick salivary glands, but also in animal blood. Nevertheless, the relative importance of vertical and horizontal routes for their transmission or maintenance in natural tick populations remains unclear. We analyzed the prevalence of L. arthropodarum and M. mitochondrii in two sympatric zones, where I. persulcatus/I. ricinus and I. persulcatus/I. pavlovskyi cohabit and produce interspecific hybrids. A specificity of the associations of L. arthropodarum with I. persulcatus (100%) and M. mitochondrii with I. ricinus (96.2%) was observed in the sympatric zone in Estonia, possibly showing poor contribution of the horizontal route to the overall prevalence of endosymbionts. L. arthropodarum was observed probably multiplying in I. pavlovskyi and also subjected to transovarial transmission, but much less efficiently compared to I. persulcatus. We revealed two new genetic variants of the rrl-rrf intergenic spacer of L. arthropodarum isolated from I. pavlovskyi ticks that possibly could indicate an ongoing process of adaptation of the microorganism to a new host species.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Dr. I. Golovljova (Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia) for the material collection and to Dr. K. Chamberlain (Rothamsted Research, UK) for his help in preparing the manuscript. This project was partly supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement № 02.A03.21.0006, and partly by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 17-04-00709).

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  1. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Ural Federal University, Lenin Avenue 51, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia

    Tatyana A. Mukhacheva & Sergey Y. Kovalev

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  1. Tatyana A. Mukhacheva
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  2. Sergey Y. Kovalev
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Correspondence to Sergey Y. Kovalev.

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Mukhacheva, T.A., Kovalev, S.Y. Bacteria of the Family ‘Candidatus Midichloriaceae’ in Sympatric Zones of Ixodes Ticks: Genetic Evidence for Vertical Transmission. Microb Ecol 74, 185–193 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-0932-z

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