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Binary Interactions of Antagonistic Bacteria with Candida albicans Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

We used both aerobic and anaerobic liquid co-cultures, prepared with Luria Bertani broth, to study the effect of bacteria on the survival of Candida albicans in the external environment, away from an animal host. The bacteria were represented by Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kluyvera ascorbata and Serratia marcescens. Under aerobic conditions, the yeast’s growth was inhibited in the presence of bacterial growth; however, under anaerobic conditions, yeast and bacterial growth in co-cultures was similar to that observed for pure cultures. Subsequent assays revealed that the majority of bacterial strains aerobically produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes capable of yeast cell wall hydrolysis, including chitinases and mannan-degrading enzymes. In contrast, except for the A. hydrophila strain, these enzymes were not detected in anaerobic bacterial cultures, nor was the antimicrobial compound prodigiosin found in anaerobic cultures of S. marcescens. When we suspended C. albicans cells in crude extracellular enzyme preparations from K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens, we detected no negative effect on yeast viability. However, we found that these preparations enhance the toxicity of prodigiosin towards the yeast, especially in combination with mannan-degrading enzymes. Analyses of the chitin and mannan content of yeast cell walls revealed that less chitin was produced under anaerobic than aerobic conditions; however, the levels of mannan, known for its low permeability, remained the same. The latter phenomenon, as well as reduced production of the bacterial enzymes and prodigiosin, may contribute to anaerobic growth and survival of C. albicans in the presence of bacteria.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the assistance of Lucky Mokwena and Dr. Marietjie Stander. This work was supported by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Eliska Benadé, Wendy Stone, Marnel Mouton, Ferdinand Postma & Alfred Botha

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Wendy Stone

  3. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa

    Marnel Mouton

  4. Virtual Consulting Engineers (Pty.) Ltd., Groenkloof, South Africa

    Jac Wilsenach

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  1. Eliska Benadé
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Benadé, E., Stone, W., Mouton, M. et al. Binary Interactions of Antagonistic Bacteria with Candida albicans Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. Microb Ecol 71, 645–659 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0706-4

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