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Identification of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Mediterranean Sea Exhibiting Different Abilities of Biofilm Formation

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

The Mediterranean Sea has rarely been investigated for the characterization of marine bacteria as compared to other marine environments such as the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean. Bacteria recovered from inert surfaces are poorly studied in these environments, when it has been shown that the community structure of attached bacteria can be dissimilar from that of planktonic bacteria present in the water column. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize marine bacteria isolated from biofilms developed on inert surfaces immersed in the Mediterranean Sea and to evaluate their capacity to form a biofilm in vitro. Here, 13 marine bacterial strains have been isolated from different supports immersed in seawater in the Bay of Toulon (France). Phylogenetic analysis and different biological and physico-chemical properties have been investigated. Among the 13 strains recovered, 8 different genera and 12 different species were identified including 2 isolates of a novel bacterial species that we named Persicivirga mediterranea and whose genus had never been isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. Shewanella sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp. were the most preponderant genera recovered in our conditions. The phenotypical characterization revealed that one isolate belonging to the Polaribacter genus differed from all the other ones by its hydrophobic properties and poor ability to form biofilms in vitro. Identifying and characterizing species isolated from seawater including from Mediterranean ecosystems could be helpful for example, to understand some aspects of bacterial biodiversity and to further study the mechanisms of biofilm (and biofouling) development in conditions approaching those of the marine environment.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Université de Toulon Research BQR funding. F. Brian-Jaisson is the recipient of a French PACA Region doctoral fellowship. We wish to thank V. Stenger, a Master student, for his contribution to this work. We also thank the Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines of the Université de Bretagne-Sud, France for sending us the Paracoccus 4M6 strain.

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  1. MAPIEM EA 4323, Université de Toulon, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France

    Florence Brian-Jaisson, Annick Ortalo-Magné, Linda Guentas-Dombrowsky, Yves Blache & Maëlle Molmeret

  2. Unité de recherché sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284, Marseille, France

    Fabrice Armougom

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  1. Florence Brian-Jaisson
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Correspondence to Maëlle Molmeret.

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Table S1

Results of the API ZYM gallery. This assay allows the determination of enzymatic activities of strains in the culture medium +:strong enzymatic activity. Int: intermediate enzymatic activity. -: weak or no enzymatic activity. (DOCX 16 kb)

Table S2

Results of API 20 NE and API 50 CH tests. For all strains, in API 50 CH and API 20 NE tests, only differences are shown, the majority of the results being negative. In the API 20 NE, the indole production, the fermentation of glucose, urease and the assimilation of glucose, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate and phenyl-acetate were negative. In the API 50 CH test, fermentation of the 40 others sugars was negative for all strains.+: positive reaction. Int: weakly positive reaction. -: negative reaction. (DOCX 19.6 KB)

Table S3

Zeta potential measurements of each strain in 1.5mM NaCl solution at pH 7.5. Each measurement was repeated three times with three independent cultures (DOCX 12 kb)

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Brian-Jaisson, F., Ortalo-Magné, A., Guentas-Dombrowsky, L. et al. Identification of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Mediterranean Sea Exhibiting Different Abilities of Biofilm Formation. Microb Ecol 68, 94–110 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0342-9

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