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Isolation and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Toxic Dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae Hulburt 1957 and Its Probable Role in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

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Abstract

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by a toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae Hulburt 1957 was isolated and characterized. Molecular masses of the EPS were about 233 and 1,354 kDa. Spectral analyses by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier Transformed–Infrared Spectroscopy revealed the characteristic of the functional groups viz. primary amine, carboxyl, halide, and sulfate groups present in the EPS. However, five elements (C, O, Na, S, and Ca) were detected by scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of EPS, which was comprised of an average particle size of 13.969 μm (d 0.5) with 181 nm average roughness. Two monosaccharide constituents, galactose (73.13%) and glucose (26.87%) were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that degradation of EPS obtained from A. carterae takes place in three steps. The EPS produced by A. carterae was found to be beneficial for the growth of both A. carterae and Bacillus pumilus. The potential heterogeneous properties of EPS may play an important role in harmful algal bloom.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. B. Rabari, Mr. H. Gupta, Mr. V. Agarwal, and Mrs. P. Bhatt, Analytical Section, CSMCRI, for their enormous help during sample analysis. The authors are also thankful to Ms. D. Jain and Mr. I. Puncha for their help during sample collection. The work was supported by NWP 0018, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, and SAC-CSMCRI collaborative project (GAP 1049).

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  1. Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology (MBE), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364021, India

    Subir Kumar Mandal, Ravindra Pal Singh & Vipul Patel

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  1. Subir Kumar Mandal
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  2. Ravindra Pal Singh
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Correspondence to Subir Kumar Mandal.

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Mandal, S.K., Singh, R.P. & Patel, V. Isolation and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Toxic Dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae Hulburt 1957 and Its Probable Role in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Microb Ecol 62, 518–527 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9852-5

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