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Dynamics, Diversity and Function of Endophytic Siderophore-Producing Bacteria in Rice

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Siderophore production confers to bacteria competitive advantages to colonize plant tissues and to exclude other microorganisms from the same ecological niche. This work shows that the community of endophytic siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB) associated to Oryza sativa cultivated in Uruguayan soils is dynamic and diverse. These bacteria were present in grains, roots, and leaves, and their density fluctuated between log10 3.44 and log10 5.52 cfu g−1 fresh weight (fw) during the plant growth. Less than 10% of the heterotrophic bacteria produced siderophores in roots and leaves of young plants, but most of the heterotrophic bacteria were siderophore-producers in mature plants. According to their amplified restriction DNA ribosomal analysis (ARDRA) pattern, 54 of the 109 endophytic SPB isolated from different plant tissues or growth stages from replicate plots, were unique. Bacteria belonging to the genera Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Enterobacter alternated during plant growth, but the genus Pantoea was predominant in roots at tillering and in leaves at subsequent stages. Pantoea ananatis was the SPB permanently associated to any of the plant tissues, but the genetic diversity within this species—revealed by BOX-PCR fingerprinting- showed that different strains were randomly distributed along time and plant tissue, suggesting that a common trait of the species P. ananatis determined the interaction with the rice plant. Several isolates were stronger IAA producers than Azospirillum brasilense or Herbaspirillum seropedicae. In vitro inhibition assays showed that SPB of the genus Burkholderia were good antagonists of pathogenic fungi and that only one SPB isolate of the genus Pseudomonas was able to inhibit A. brasilense and H. seropedicae. These results denoted that SPB were selected into the rice plant. P. ananatis was the permanent and dominant associated species which was unable to inhibit two of the relevant plant growth-promoting bacteria.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dra. Silvana Vero for technical suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge Dra. Silvana Tarlera for her assistance to edit this manuscript. We also thank Stella Ávila for providing the pathogenic fungi and José Terra for allowing us to take samples from his field assay, both of them are researchers of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Uruguay. This work was supported by CSIC (Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Uruguay), Projects 345 I + D, and 440 SP, and by ANII (Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación) providing a scholarship for I. Loaces.

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  1. Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Química y Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Casilla de Correo, 1157, Uruguay

    Inés Loaces, Lucía Ferrando & Ana Fernández Scavino

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  1. Inés Loaces
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Correspondence to Ana Fernández Scavino.

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Loaces, I., Ferrando, L. & Fernández Scavino, A. Dynamics, Diversity and Function of Endophytic Siderophore-Producing Bacteria in Rice. Microb Ecol 61, 606–618 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9780-9

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