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Masked Hypertension in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

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Abstract

Background

Masked hypertension (HTN), especially, isolated nocturnal HTN (INH) has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is not studied well in pediatric heart transplant (PHT) patients. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is known to identify patients with HTN but is not used routinely in PHT.

Methods

A single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of PHT recipients was performed to observe the incidence of masked HTN using 24-h ABPM. The relationship between ABPM parameters and clinical variables was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

ABPM was performed in 34 patients, mean age 14 ± 5 years, median 5.5 years post-PHT. All patients had normal cardiac function, left ventricular mass index and blood pressure measurements in the clinic. Four patients had known prior HTN and on medications, one of them was uncontrolled. Of the remaining 30 patients, 18 new patients were diagnosed with masked HTN, of which 14 had INH. Diurnal variation was abnormal in 82% (28/34) patients. 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) index correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = − 0.44, p = 0.01). There was no correlation between other ABPM parameters with tacrolimus trough levels.

Conclusions

ABPM identified masked HTN in 60% of patients, with majority being INH. Abnormal circadian BP patterns were present in 82% and an association was found between GFR and DBP parameters. HTN, especially INH, is under-recognized in PHT recipients and ABPM has a role in their long-term care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA

    Neha Bansal, Waheed A. Raedi, Shivanand S. Medar, Lincy Abraham, Kimberly Beddows, Daphne T. Hsu, Jacqueline M. Lamour & Joseph Mahgerefteh

  2. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Shivanand S. Medar

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  1. Neha Bansal
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Contributions

N.B and J.M. wrote the main manuscript text, W. R and S.M collected data. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Neha Bansal.

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Bansal, N., Raedi, W.A., Medar, S.S. et al. Masked Hypertension in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. Pediatr Cardiol 44, 1003–1008 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-023-03096-y

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