Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth

  • Published:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study was conducted to understand the biological effects of microplastics (MPs), polystyrene microspheres (PSM), and polyethylene microparticles (PEM) in the juveniles of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The PSM (0.5–1.0 µm) and PEM (30.0–150.0 µm) were separately incorporated into the artificial diets with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg per 100 g. The prawns were fed with these diets for a period of 60 days. Compared with control, the following dose-dependent changes have been recorded in PSM and PEM incorporated feeds fed prawns: declines in the survival rate, length and weight gains; increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); elevated concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde; decreased activities of metabolic enzymes, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase; higher total RNA in hepatopancreas (HP) of PSM fed prawns compared with that of PEM; higher total RNA in muscle (MU) of PEM-fed prawns compared with that of PSM; prominent cDNA bands in 150 bp regions; up-regulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene in HP; down-regulation of HSP70 gene in MU of PSM-fed prawns only; down-regulated myostatin (MSTN) gene. These results suggest that these MPs have affected the survival and growth, activated the antioxidant defense, inhibit the metabolic enzymes, positively regulated the HSP70 gene, and negatively regulated the MSTN gene in M. rosenbergii. Therefore, exposures to PSM and PEM caused biological effects in this species of prawn.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi S (2018) Microplastics in different tissues of fish and prawn from the Musa Estuary, Persian Gulf. Chemosphere 205:80–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 105. Academic Press, Florida, pp 114–121

    Google Scholar 

  • AOAC (1995) Official methods of analysis of association of analytical communities international, vol 2, 16th edn., Arlington, VA, USA

  • APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Au S, Bruce TF, William B, Stephen K (2015) Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic. Environ Toxicol Chem 34:2564–2572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avio CG, Gorbi S, Milan M, Benedetti M, Fattorini D, d’Errico G, Pauletto M, Bargelloni L, Regoli F (2015) Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels. Environ Pollut 198:211–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Roberts RJ, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P (2012) A novel heat-shock protein inducer triggers heat shock protein 70 production and protects Artemia franciscana nauplii against abiotic stressors. Aquacult 334:152–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batel A, Lint F, Scherer M, Erdinger L, Braunbeck T (2016) Transfer of benzo[a]pyrene from microplastics to Artemia nauplii and further to zebrafish via a trophic food web experiment: CYP1A induction and visual tracking of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:1656–1666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergami E, Bocci E, Vannuccini ML, Monopoli M, Salvati A, Dawson KA, Corsi I (2016) Nano-sized polystyrene affects feeding, behavior and physiology of brineshrimp Artemia franciscana larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 123:18–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhassu S, Maningas MB, Othman RY (2015) Myostatin: a potential growth regulating gene in giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J World Aquacult Soc 46:624–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Browne MA, Dissanayake A, GallowayTS LDM, Thompson RC (2008) Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ Sci Technol 42:5026–5031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browne MA, Niven SJ, Galloway TS, Rowland SJ, Thompson RC (2013) Microplastic moves pollutants and additives to worms, reducing functions linked to health and biodiversity. Curr Biol 23:2388–2392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell SH, Williamson PR, Hall BD (2017) Microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish and the water from an urban prairie creek. Facets 2:395–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chae Y, An YJ (2017) Effects of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystems: current research trends and perspectives. Mar Pollut Bull 124:624–632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaea Y, Kima D, Choib MJ, Chob Y, Ana YJ (2019) Impact of nano-sized plastic on the nutritional value and gut microbiota of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei via dietary exposure. Environ Int 130:104848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chua EM, Shimeta J, Nugegoda D, Morrison PD, Clarke BO (2014) Assimilation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from microplastics by the marine amphipod, Allorchestes compressa. Environ Sci Technol 48:8127–8134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, Galloway TS (2013) Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol 47:6646–6655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2015) The impact of polystyrene microplastics on feeding, function and fecundity in the marine copepod Calanushel golandicus. Environ Sci Technol 49:1130–1137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Covi JA, Kim HW, Mykles HW (2008) Expression of alternatively spliced transcripts for a myostatin-like protein in the black back land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Mol Integr Physiol 150:423–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Della TC, Bergami E, Salvati A, Faleri C, Cirino P, Dawson KA, Corsi I (2014) Accumulation and embryotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles at early stage of development of sea urchin embryos Paracentrotuslividus. Environ Sci Technol 48:12302–12311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devasagayam TPA, Tarachand V (1987) Decreased LPO in the rat kidney during gestation. Biochem Biophys Res Commn 45:469–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Devriese LI, van der Meulen MD, Maes T, Bekaert K, Paul-Pont I, Frère L, Robbens J, Vethaak AD (2015) Microplastic contamination in brown shrimp (Crangon crangon, Linnaeus 1758) from coastal waters of the Southern North Sea and Channel area. Mar Pollut Bull 98:179–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • do Sul JAI, Costa MF (2014) The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environ Pollut 185:352–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyotte A, Cossu C, Jacquin MC, Babut M, Vasseur P (1997) Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and lipid peroxidation as relevant biomarkers of experimental orfield exposure in the gills and the digestive gland of the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. Aqua Toxicol 39:93–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellman GL (1959) Tissue sulphydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 82:70–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2018) FAO yearbook, Fishery and aquaculture statistics 2016, Rome

  • Ferreira P, Fonte ME, Soares F, Carvalho L (2016) Effects of multi-stressors on juveniles of the marine fish Pomatoschistus microps: gold nanoparticles, microplastics and temperature. Aquat Toxicol 170:89–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonte E, Ferreira P, Guilhermino L (2016) Temperature rise and microplastics interact with the toxicity of the antibiotic cefalexin to juveniles of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps): post-exposure predatory behaviour, acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation. Aqua Toxicol 180:173–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway TS, Cole M, Lewis C (2017) Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem. Nat Ecol Evol 1(5):116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gigault J, Halle AT, Baudrimont M, Pascal PY, Gauffre F, Phi TL, El Hadri H, Grassl B, Reynaud S (2018) Current opinion: what is a nanoplastic? Environ Pollut 235:1030–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974) Glutathione S-transferases the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249:7130–7139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halliwell B (2007) Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 35:1147–1150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamer J, Gutow L, Kohler A, Saborowski R (2014) Fate of microplastics in the marine lsopod Idotea emarginata. Environ Sci Technol 48:13451–13458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikwegbue PC, Masamba P, Oyinloye BE, Kappo AP (2018) Roles of heat shock proteins in apoptosis, oxidative stress, human inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Pharma 11(2):1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11010002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jafarzadeh Y, Yegani R (2015) Analysis of fouling mechanisms in TiO2 embedded high density polyethylene membranes for collagen separation. Chem Eng Res Design 93:684–695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong CB, Kang HM, Lee MC, Kim DH, Han J, Hwang DS, Souissi S, Lee SJ, Shin KH, Park HG, Lee JS (2017) Adverse effects of microplastics and oxidative stress-induced MAPK/Nrf2pathway-mediated defense mechanisms in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana. Sci Rep 7:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Tang X, Zhou B, Sun T, Chen H, Zhao X, Wang Y (2017) The ROS-mediated pathway coupled with the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway and antioxidant system plays roles in the responses of Mytilus edulis haemocytes induced by BDE-47. Aquat Toxicol 187:55–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kappler A, Windrich F, Löder MG, Malanin M, Fischer D, Labrenz M, Voit B (2015) Identification of microplastics by FTIR and Raman microscopy: a novel silicon filter substrate opens the important spectral range below 1300 cm−1 for FTIR transmission measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:6791–6801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HW, Mykles DL, Goetz FW, Roberts SB (2004) Characterization of a myostatin-like gene from the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Biochim Biophys Acta 1679:174–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KS, Jeon JM, Kim HW (2009) A myostatin-like gene expressed highly in the muscle tissue of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Fish Aqua Sci 12:185–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KS, Kim YJ, Jeon JM, Kang YS, Kang YS, Oh CW, Kim HW (2010) Molecular characterization of myostatin-like genes expressed highly in the muscle tissue from Morotoge shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica. Aquacult Res 41:862–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Paeger L, Kosmas K, Kloppenburg P, Noegel AA, Peche VS (2016) Neuronal actin dynamics, spine density and neuronal dendritic complexity are regulated by CAP2. Front. Cell Neurosci 10:180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2016.00180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kupper L, Gulmine JV, Janissek PR, Heise HM (2004) Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy for micro-domain analysis of polyethylene samples after accelerated ageing within weathering chambers. Vibr Spec 34:63–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KW, Shim WJ, Kwon OY, Kang JH (2013) Size-dependent effects of micropolystyrene particles in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Environ Sci Technol 47:11278–11283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Wu D, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Zhao Y (2021) Effects of nanoplastics on energy metabolism in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Environ Pollut 268:115890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Wu Q, Han G, Yao F, Kojima Y, Suzuki S (2008) Compatibilizing and toughening bamboo flour-filled HDPE composites: mechanical properties and morphologies. Comp Part A Appl Sci Manufact 39:1891–1900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Chen Q, Zhang S, Li X (2014) Relationship of mineralization of amino naphthalene sulfonic acids by Fenton oxidation and frontier molecular orbital energies. Chem Eng J 247:275–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lo HKA, Chan KYK (2018) Negative effects of microplastic exposure on growth and development of Crepidula onyx. Environ Pollut 233:588–595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Jiang W, Zhao Y, Geng J, Ren H (2016) Uptake and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and toxic effects in liver. Environ Sci Technol 50:4054–4060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luis LG, Ferreira P, Fonte E, Oliveira M, Guilhermino L (2015) Does the presence of microplastics influence the acute toxicity of chromium (VI) to early juveniles of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps)? A study with juveniles from two wild estuarine populations. Aquat Toxicol 164:163–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marklund S, Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Europ J Biochem 47:469–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mates JM, Sánchez-Jiménez FM (2000) Role of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis: implications for cancer therapy. Intl J Biochem Cell Biol 32:157–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattsson K, Ekvall MT, Hansson LA, Linse S, Malmendal A, Cedervall T (2015) Altered behavior, physiology and metabolism in fish exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 49:553–561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy F, Quinn B (2018) The effects of microplastic on freshwater Hydra attenuata feeding, morphology and reproduction. Environ Pollut 234:487–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray F, Cowie PR (2011) Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Pollut Bull 62:1207–1217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogonowski M, Schür C, Jarsen A, Gorokhova E (2016) The effects of natural and anthropogenic microparticles on individual fitness in Daphnia magna. PLoS ONE 11(5):e0155063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira M, Ribeiro A, Hylland K, Guilhermino L (2013) Single and combined effects of microplastics and pyrene on juveniles (0+group) of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Ecol Indic 34:641–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel K, Amthor H (2005) The function of Myostatin and strategies of Myostatin blockade—new hope for therapies aimed at promoting growth of skeletal muscle. Neuromuscl Disord 15:117–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peda C, Caccamo L, Fossi MC, Gai F, Andaloro F, Genovese L, Perdichizzi A, Romeo T, Maricchiolo G (2016) Intestinal alterations in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to microplastics: preliminary results. Environ Pollut 212:251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips MB, Bonner TH (2015) Occurrence and amount of microplastic ingested by fishes in watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico. Mar Pollut Bull 100:264–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian Z, Mi X, Wang X, He S, Liu Y, Hou F, Liu Q, Liu X (2013) cDNA cloning and expression analysis of myostatin/GDF11 in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Mol Integr Physiol 165:30–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reitman S, Frankel S (1957) A colourimetric method for the determination of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. Am J Clin Pathol 28:56–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts RJ, Agius C, Saliba C, Bossier P, Sung YY (2010) Heat shock proteins (chaperones) in fish and shellfish and their potential role in relation to fish health: a review. J Fish Dis 33:789–801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochman CM, Kurobe T, Flores I, Teh SJ (2014) Early warning signs of endocrine disruption in adult fish from the ingestion of polyethylene with and without sorbed chemical pollutants from the marine environment. Sci Total Environ 493:656–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG (1973) Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179:588–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santis CD, Wade NM, Jerry DR, Preston NP, Glencross BD, Sellars MJ (2011) Growing backwards: an inverted role for the shrimp ortholog of vertebrate myostatin and GDF11. J Expr Biol 214:2671–2677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathi PE, Bhassu S, Mary BB, Rofina M, Othman Y (2015) Myostatin: a potential growth regulating gene in giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J World Aquacul Soc 46:624–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulke S, Dreidax D, Malik A, Burmester T, Nevo E, Band M, Hankeln T (2012) Living with stress: regulation of antioxidant defense genes in the subterranean, hypoxia-tolerant mole rat, Spalax. Gene 500:199–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Setala O, Fleming-Lehtinen V, Lehtiniemi M (2014) Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut 185:77–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solovev AA, Sanchez S, Pumera M, Mei YF, Schmidt OG (2010) Magnetic control of tubular catalytic microbots for the transport, assembly, and delivery of micro-objects. Adv Functl Matr 20:2430–2435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sussarellua R, Suqueta M, Thomasa Y, Lamberta C, Fabiouxa C, Perneta MEJ, Goica NL, Quilliena V, Minganta C, Epelboina Y, Corporeaua C, Guyomarchb J, Robbensc J, Paul-Ponta I, Soudanta P, Huveta A (2016) Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:2430–2435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talesa V, Contenti S, Principato GB, Pascolini R, Giovannini E, Rosi G (1992) Cholinesterases from Maia verrucosa and Palinurus vulgaris: a comparative study. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Comp Pharmacol 101:499–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trestrail C, Walpitagama M, Hedges C, Truskewycz A, Miranda A, Wlodkowic D, Shimeta J, Nugegoda D (2020b) Foaming at the mouth: ingestion of floral foam microplastics by aquatic animals. Sci Total Environ 705:135826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trestrail C, Shimeta J, Nugegoda D (2020a) Sub-lethal responses to microplastic ingestion in invertebrates: towards a mechanistic understanding using energy flux. In: Bolan NS, Kirkham MB, Halsband C, Nugegoda D, Ok YS (eds) Particulate plastics: sources and ecotoxicity in terrestrial and aquatic environments. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 28. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003053071

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Varo I, Perini A, Torreblanca A, Garcia Y, Bergami E, Vannuccini ML, Corsi I (2019) Time-dependent effects of polystyrene nanoparticles in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Sci Total Environ 675:570–580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R, Guo W, Li X, Liu Z, Liu H, Ding S (2017) Highly efficient MOF-based self-propelled micromotors for water purification. RSC Adv 7:42462–42467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts AJR, Lewis C, Goodhead RM, Beckett SJ, Moger J, Tyler CR, Galloway TS (2014) Uptake and retention of microplastics by the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Environ Sci Technol 48:8823–8830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein JE, Crocker BK, Gray AD (2016) From macroplastic to microplastic: Degradation of high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene in a salt marsh habitat. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:1632–1640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welden NAC, Cowie PR (2016) Environment and gut morphology influence microplastic retention in langoustine, Nephrops norvegicus. Environ Pollut 214:859–865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winston GW, Di Giulio RT (1991) Pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aqua Toxicol 19:137–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS (2013) The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environ Pollut 178:483–492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu JJ, Buckley CP (2004) Plastic deformation of glassy polystyrene: a unified model of yield and the role of chain length. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 42:2027–2040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu P, Liu Z, Wu D, Chen M, Lv W, Zhao Y (2018) Accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis and oxidative stress effects in the liver. Aquat Toxicol 200:28–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the outsource providers: (1) Center for Research in Nanotechnology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, India, for characterization of microplastics; (2) PAR Life Science and Research Pvt. Ltd. Tiruchirappalli, India, for gene expression.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India

    Irene Monica Jaikumar, Saravana Bhavan Periyakali & Udayasuriyan Rajendran

  2. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan

    Sheu Joen-Rong, Jayakumar Thanasekaran & Fong Tsorng-Harn

Authors
  1. Irene Monica Jaikumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saravana Bhavan Periyakali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Udayasuriyan Rajendran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sheu Joen-Rong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jayakumar Thanasekaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fong Tsorng-Harn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

IMJ has conducted the experiment and drafted the manuscript. SBP has designed, supervised, and scrutinized the entire work. UR has analyzed the data and cross-checked the references. SJ-R, JT, and FT-H have evaluated the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saravana Bhavan Periyakali.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jaikumar, I.M., Periyakali, S.B., Rajendran, U. et al. Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 80, 645–658 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3

Search

Navigation