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Seasonal Variation in Water-Soluble Ions in Airborne Particulate Deposition in the Suburban Nanjing Area, Yangtze River Delta, China, During Haze Days and Normal Days

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Abstract

To investigate the seasonal variation and characterization of water-soluble ions (WSIs) present in airborne particle deposition (APD) during Haze Days (visibility ≤7.5 km) and Normal Days (visibility >7.5 km) in suburban Nanjing area, 151 filter samples were collected from 18 May 2013 to 26 May 2014. Ten different WSIs from the samples were determined by Ion Chromatography. The results indicated that secondary WSIs (NH4 +, NO3 −, and SO4 2−) were the main ions in the WSIs, averaging 17.2, 18.5, and 17.1 μg/m3, respectively, and accounting respectively 20.9, 22.5, and 20.8% of the total WSIs. On Haze Days, the concentration of WSIs increased dramatically in fine size (particle size <2.1 μm), especially for NH4 +, NO3 −, and SO4 2− (increased by 52.6, 71.3, and 73.1%, respectively), whereas the concentrations of WSIs increased slowly in coarse size (2.1 μm < particle size < 10 μm), in which NH4 +, NO3 −, and SO4 2− increased by 14.7, 27.2, and 54.5%, respectively. According to the backward trajectories and the principal component analysis analysis, Nanjing APD were mainly derived from the soil dust in northern China (35%) in the spring, from ocean air masses (61 and 55%) in the summer and the autumn, and from local air masses (73%) in the winter. On summer Haze Days, secondary components in PM2.1 consisted mainly of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3, whereas secondary components in PM2.1–10 consisted mainly of (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, and NH4NO3. The increasing concentrations of secondary components increase the light extinction coefficients of aerosol on winter and autumn Haze Days. The concentrations of WSIs in fine size rose sharply on Haze Days, leading the visibility to exponential decline. Differently, the concentrations of WSIs in coarse size were not the main cause in the change of the visibility.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No. 2016YFC0202401), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9154229), the Qing Lan Project, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Junlin An, Qimin Cao, Jianan Zou, Honglei Wang, Qing Duan, Yuanzhe Shi, Chen Chen & Junxiu Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changes and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jianan Zou

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  1. Junlin An
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An, J., Cao, Q., Zou, J. et al. Seasonal Variation in Water-Soluble Ions in Airborne Particulate Deposition in the Suburban Nanjing Area, Yangtze River Delta, China, During Haze Days and Normal Days. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74, 1–15 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0447-0

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