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Molecular Mechanisms of Crude Oil Developmental Toxicity in Fish

  • Special Issue: Ocean Spills and Accidents
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Abstract

With major oil spills in Korea, the United States, and China in the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies characterizing the developmental toxicity of crude oil and its associated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The use of model fish species with associated tools for genetic manipulation, combined with high throughput genomics techniques in nonmodel fish species, has led to significant advances in understanding the cellular and molecular bases of functional and morphological defects arising from embryonic exposure to crude oil. Following from the identification of the developing heart as the primary target of crude oil developmental toxicity, studies on individual PACs have revealed a diversity of cardiotoxic mechanisms. For some PACs that are strong agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), defects in heart development arise in an AHR-dependent manner, which has been shown for potent organochlorine agonists, such as dioxins. However, crude oil contains a much larger fraction of compounds that have been found to interfere directly with cardiomyocyte physiology in an AHR-independent manner. By comparing the cellular and molecular responses to AHR-independent and AHR-dependent toxicity, this review focuses on new insights into heart-specific pathways underlying both acute and secondary adverse outcomes to crude oil exposure during fish development.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks the many past and current team members of the research group for their hard work and dedication, collaborators past and present for their spirited and productive interactions, and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful critiques of the manuscript.

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  1. Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA, 98112, USA

    John P. Incardona

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Incardona, J.P. Molecular Mechanisms of Crude Oil Developmental Toxicity in Fish. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 73, 19–32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0381-1

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