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Investigation of 10 Herbicides in Surface Waters of a Horticultural Production Catchment in Southeastern Australia

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Abstract

Herbicides are regularly applied in horticultural production systems and may migrate off-site, potentially posing an ecological risk to surface waterways. However, few studies have investigated the levels and potential ecotoxicological impact of herbicides in horticultural catchments in southern Australia. This study investigated the presence of 10 herbicides at 18 sites during a 5-month period in horticulturally important areas of the Yarra Valley in southeastern Australia. Seven of the 10 herbicides were detected in the streams, in 39 % of spot water samples, in 25 % of surface sediment samples, and in >70 % of the passive sampler systems deployed. Few samples contained residues of ≥2 herbicides. Simazine was the herbicide most frequently detected in water, sediment, and passive sampler samples and had the highest concentrations in water (0.67 μg/L) and sediment (260 μg/kg dry weight). Generally the concentrations of the herbicides detected were several orders of magnitude lower than reported ecotoxicological effect values, including those for aquatic plants and algae, suggesting that concentrations of individual chemicals in the catchment were unlikely to pose an ecological risk. However, little is known about the combined effects of simultaneous, low-level exposure of multiple herbicides of the same mode of action on Australian aquatic organisms nor their contribution when found in mixtures with other pesticides. Further research is required to adequately assess the risk of pesticides in Victorian aquatic environments.

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Acknowledgments

This study was primarily supported by Melbourne Water and the Department of Primary Industries Victoria (DPI) Australia Future Farming Systems Research Key Project FF104 Accountable Agriculture (Projects MIS No. 06889 and 08162) with additional support from the Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM). We also acknowledge Simon Phelan, David Allen, Davorka Tucman, and Debra Gill (DPI, Werribee) for assistance with sample analysis and passive-sampler sampling rates experiments as well as staff from the University of Melbourne for their help with field sampling.

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  1. Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Graeme Allinson, AnhDuyen Bui, Pei Zhang, Gavin Rose, Adam M. Wightwick, Mayumi Allinson & Vincent Pettigrove

  2. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research, 2a Bellarine Highway, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia

    Graeme Allinson, Adam M. Wightwick & Mayumi Allinson

  3. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC, 3085, Australia

    AnhDuyen Bui, Pei Zhang & Gavin Rose

  4. Coffey Environments, Level 1, 23 West Fyans Street, Newtown, VIC, 3220, Australia

    Adam M. Wightwick

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  1. Graeme Allinson
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Allinson, G., Bui, A., Zhang, P. et al. Investigation of 10 Herbicides in Surface Waters of a Horticultural Production Catchment in Southeastern Australia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 67, 358–373 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0049-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0049-z

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