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Responses of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Damage on a Freshwater Snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) Stressed by Ethylbenzene

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Abstract

Ethylbenzene is classified as a priority pollutant; however, toxicity data, especially those regarding sublethal toxicity, are rarely reported on gastropods. The present work was performed to elucidate the sublethal effects of ethylbenzene using a freshwater snail, Bellamya aeruginosa (Reeve), exposed to ethylbenzene for 21 days followed by a 17-day recovery period. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were used as biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress in hepatopancreas of snails. In addition, alkaline comet assay was applied to determine the genotoxicity of ethylbenzene in hepatopancreas of snails. These biomarkers and DNA damage exhibited various responses to ethylbenzene in the tested snails. SOD and CAT activities were almost significantly stimulated during the exposure period. As exposure time was prolonged beyond 7 days, CAT activity gradually became significantly increased at higher doses of ethylbenzene. GSH concentration was positively and linearly related with exposure dose. MDA concentration was significantly greater than that in the control only under the lowest treatment after a 7-day exposure. Alkaline comet assay showed that ethylbenzene could significantly induce DNA damage in hepatopancreas of snails, and there was a good dose- and time-response in DNA damage, indicating potential genotoxicity of ethylbenzene on snails. At the end of the recovery period, the repair of DNA damage was not yet completed, showing that DNA repair requires more time. The findings from this study could indicate that SOD, GST, and GSH seem to be effective oxidative biomarkers for snails exposed to ethylbenzene in the short term. CAT proved to be a valuable discriminating biomarker in subchronic exposure to ethylbenzene, but MDA was not a suitable oxidative biomarker for exposure to ethylbenzene in either the short or long term. Alkaline comet assay was efficient tool with which to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of ethylbenzene.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, People’s Republic of China, as a commonwealth project (Grant No. 200909041) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as a key project (Grant No. 21037002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Shimei Zheng, Yingying Wang, Qixing Zhou & Cuihong Chen

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  1. Shimei Zheng
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  2. Yingying Wang
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Correspondence to Qixing Zhou.

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Zheng, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q. et al. Responses of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Damage on a Freshwater Snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) Stressed by Ethylbenzene. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65, 251–259 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9899-z

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