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Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Liver and Muscle Tissue from Wild Boar in Hesse, Germany

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Abstract

Approximately 15,000 tons of wild boar meats (Sus scrofa) are consumed per year in Germany. Boar meat therefore plays a definite role in regard to human diet. Because they are omnivores and because of their high body fat quotient, wild boar may accumulate large concentrations of persistent organic compounds, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and could thus possibly serve as bioindicators for persistent xenobiotics. In addition, consumption of wild boar meat and liver could lead to increased contaminant levels in humans. Between 2007 and 2009, we tested a total of 529 livers and 506 muscle tissue samples from wild boar for the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFOA concentrations ≤45 μg/kg and PFOS concentrations ≤1,780 μg/kg were detected in the liver samples. PFOA concentrations ≤7.4 μg/kg and PFOS concentrations ≤28.6 μg/kg were detected in muscle tissue. Our results show that PFOS may be detected in considerably greater concentrations than PFOA in organs and tissues, which is in agreement with results from other published studies. The comparisons between both organs for the same substance, as well as the comparisons between the substances within an organ, showed clear and statistically significant differences at P < 0.0001. Assuming a tolerable daily intake value of PFOA (1.5 μg/kg bw/d) and PFOS (0.15 μg/kg bw/d) as recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, the results of model calculations based on the maximum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS found in wild boar indicate that there should be no PFC-related health danger resulting from moderate consumption of wild boar meat or liver.

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Acknowledgments

We express gratitude to the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Energy, Countryside, and Consumer Protection for financial support. Special thanks to our technical staff, Rosa Maria Sobel, Marlies Ebel, Maria Arabatzoudi, and Vanessa Gellrich, for their efforts in sample preparation and analysis. We also thank Roy Ackmann and Barbara Gamb for their assistance in the extensive literature search.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203, Wiesbaden, Germany

    T. Stahl, S. Falk, J. Berger & S. Georgii

  2. Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    K. Failing

  3. Hessian State Laboratory, Schuberstr. 60, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    H. Brunn

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  1. T. Stahl
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  2. S. Falk
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  3. K. Failing
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  4. J. Berger
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  5. S. Georgii
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  6. H. Brunn
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Correspondence to T. Stahl.

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Stahl, T., Falk, S., Failing, K. et al. Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Liver and Muscle Tissue from Wild Boar in Hesse, Germany. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 62, 696–703 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-011-9726-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-011-9726-3

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