Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Composition, Distribution, and Characterization of Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Beijing GuanTing Reservoir (GTR)

  • Published:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

GuanTing Reservoir (GTR) is one of two main water resources for the agriculture, industry, and living uses of Beijing (China). As a result of extensive pollution over the last few decades (particularly the 1980s), the reservoir has not supplied potable water to Beijing city since 1997. Composition, distribution, and characterization of 31 suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in surface water, pore water, and surface sediments from the reservoir are reported in this study. An analytical procedure based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology and capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the 31 suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides including the compounds hexachlorocyclohexane, cyclodiene, diphenyl aliphatic, chlordane, and other selected pesticides (hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, endrin aldehyde, hepachlor epoxide, dicofol, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos, nitrofen, trifluralin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin). The result shows that the pesticide pollution is moderate in GTR and its tributaries, although pesticide residue values in a few sites are quite high when considering their endocrine-disrupting effects and chronic health effects. Among the analyzed pesticides, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT, β-HCH, endosulfan sulfate, and aldrin were the most abundant pesticides in water while o,p′-DOT, δ-HCH, β-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, and endosulfan sulfate were the most abundant in sediment. The variation in concentration of pesticides among sites can be expected to be caused by several factors such as contaminants in the rivers and drainage of contaminated water from the surrounding agricultural fields. To reduce exposure to these endocrine-disrupting compounds, the abundant current use of pesticides in the area should be minimized. Regular monitoring is needed to manage the environmental hazards due to these pesticides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguilar C, Penalver S, Pocurull E, Borrull F. Marce RM (1998) Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection for the determination of pesticides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 795:105–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanis TA, Hela DG (1995) Multi-residue pesticide analysis in environmental water samples using solid-phase extraction discs and gas chromatography with flame thermionic and mass-selective detection. J Chromatogr A 707:283–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanis TA, Hela DG, Sakellarides TM, Konstantinon IK (1998) Monitoring of pesticide residues and their metabolites in surface and underground waters of Imathia (N. Greece) by means of solidphase extraction disks and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 823:59–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albero B, Sanchez-Brunete C, Tadeo JL (2001) Multiresidue determination of pesticides in honey by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J AOAC Intern 84:1165–1171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakan G, Kaya S, Ozkoc HB, Kurt P (1999) Certain organic pollutant levels in surface sediment of the mid Black Sea coast of Turkey. MEDCOAST’ 99, Antalya, Turkey, pp 455–464

  • Bergamaschi BA, Baston DS, Crepeau KL, Kuivila KM (1999) Determination of pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the san Joaquin river, California, USA, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Toxicol Environ Chem 69:305–319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bordet F, Inthavong D, Fremy J-M, Aspe D, Durand T, Ducher M (2002) Interlaboratory study of a multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides and polychlorbiphenyls in milk, fish, eggs, and beef fat. J AOAC Int 85:1398–1409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd-boland AA, Magdic S, Pawliszyn JB (1996) Simultaneous determination of 60 pesticides in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analyst 121:929–937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carver RE (1971) Procedures in sedimentary petrology. In: Galehouse JS (ed) Sedimentation analysis. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 69–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Castilho JA, Fenzl N, Guillen SM, Nascimento FS (2000) Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the Atoya river basin, Chinandega, Nicaragua. Environ Pollut 110:523–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo LE, Ruepert C, Solis E (2000) Pesticide residues in the aquatic environment of banana plantation areas in the North Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:1942–1950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chau ASY, Afgan BK (1982) Analysis of pesticides in water, Vol. 1: Significance, principles, techniques and chemistry of pesticides. Vol. 2: Chlorine and phosphorus-containing presticides. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, pp 91–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Chris HM, Brindle ID, David Hall C, Mikio Chiba (1990) Automated high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of pesticides in water using solid phase extraction. Anal Chem 62:1495–1498

    Google Scholar 

  • Colume A, Cardenas S, Gallego M, Valcarcel M (2001) Multiresidue screening of pesticides in fruits using an automatic solid-phase extraction system. J Agric Food Chem 49:1109–1116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Codex Alimentarius (1993) Pesticide residues in food, vol. 2 (Suppl. 1). FAO, Rome/WHO, Geneva

  • Colborn T, Smolen MJ (1996) Epidemiological analysis of persistent organochlorine contain- inations in cetaceans. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 146:91–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crain D, Guillette L (1998) Reptiles as models of contaminant-induced endocrine disruption. Animal Reproduct Sci 53(1–4):78–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Crescenzi AC, Guerreiro O, Samperi R (1997) Development of a mlultiresidue method for analyzing pesticide traces in water based on solid-phase extraction and electrospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 31:479–488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doong RA, Sun YC, Liao PL, Peng CK, Wu SC (2002) Distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments from the selected rivers in Taiwan. Chemosphere 48:237–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta HM, Adihikai S, Singh NK, Roy PK, Munshi JSD (1993) Histopathological changes induced by malathion in the liver of a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustis fossilis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51:895–900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fatoki OS, Awofolu RO (2003) Methods for selective determination of persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediments by capillary gas chromatography and electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A 983:225–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FDEP (Florida Department of Environmental Protection) (1994) Approach to the assessment of sediment quality in Florida coastal waters, Volume I: Development and evaluation of Sediment quality assessment guidelines. MacDonald Environmental Sciences, Ltd., Ladysmith, British Columbia

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillmann G, Readman JW, Tolosa I, Bartocci J, Villeneuve JP, Cattini C, Mee LD (2002) Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from Black Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 44:122–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golterman HL, Sly PG, Thomas RL (1983) Study on the relationship between water quality and sediment transport. UNESCO, Technical Papers in Hydrology 26, France

  • Hakanson L, Jansson M (1983) Principles of lake sedimentology. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmer MJ, Hemmer BL, Bowman CJ, Krol KJ, Folmar LC, Marcovich D, Hoglund MD, DenslowND (2001) Effectsof p-nonylphenol, methoxychlor, and endosulfan on vitellogenin induction and expression in sheephead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Environ Toxicol Chem 20(2):336–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hileman E (1994) Reproductive estrogens linlced to reproductive abnormalities cancer. Chem Eng News (31 January):19–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwata H, Tanabe S, Sakai N, Nishimura A, Tatsukawa R (1994) Geographical distribiutions of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sediments from Asia and Oceaida and their implications for global redistribution from low latitudes. Environ Pollut 85:15–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelce WR, Stone CR, Law SC, Gray LE, Kemppainen JA, Wilson EM (1995) Persistent DDT metabolite p,p′-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Nature 375:581–585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MAQ (1977) Pesticides in aquatic environment. Plenum Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi H, Ohyama K, Tomiyama N, Jimbo Y, Matano O, Goto S (1993) Determination of pesticides in river water by gas chromatography–mass spectometry–selected-ion monitoring. J Chromatogr A 643:197–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laabs V, Amelung W, Pinto AA, Wantzen M, da Silva CJ, Zech W (2002) Pesticides in surface water, sediment, and rainfall of the Northeastern Pantanal Basin, Brazil. J Environ Qual 31(5):1636–1648

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacorte S, Molina C, Barcelo D (1993) Screening of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental matrices by various gas chromatographic techniques. Anal Chim Acta 28(1):71–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsson PF, Gadbois DF, Jolinson C (1985) Observations on the distribution of PCBs in the deepwater sediments of the Gulf Marine. Mar Pollut Bull 16:439–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Laura B, Maxwell, Dutta HM (2005) Diazinon-induced endocrine disruption in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60:21–27

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald DDA (1994) Review of environmental quality criteria and guidelines for priority substances in the Fraser River basin. MacDonald Environmental Science Limited, Environmental Conservation Branch, Nanaimo, Canada

  • Magdic S, Pawliszyn JB (1996) Analysis of organochlorine pesticides using solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 723:111–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nerin C, Battle R, Cacho J (1998) Determination of pesticides in high-water-content samples by off-line supercritical fluid extractiongas chromatography–electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A 795:117–124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira IMF, Sandra T, Sandra P (2004) Multiresidue screening of neutral pesticides in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 502(2):209–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowell LH, Resek EA (1994) National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms: application to water-quality assessments. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 140:1–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quayle CW, Jepson I, Fowlis IA (1997) Simultaneous quantitation of sixteen organochlorine pesticides in drinking waters using automated solid-phase extraction, high-volume injection, high-resolution gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 773:271–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Jiang K (2001) Progress in research of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Prog Chem 13:135–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar A, Sen Gupta R (1991) Pesticide residues in sediments from the west coast of India. Marine Pollut Bull 22:42–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SEPA (State Environmental Protection Administration of China) (2002) Environmental quality standard for surface water (GB383 8-2002), Beijing

  • Snyder JL, Robert LG, McNally ME, Oostdyk TS (1992) Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction with classical sonication and soxhlet extractions for selected pesticides. Anal Chem 64:1940–1946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan GH (1992) Comparison of solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in water. Analyst 117:1129–1132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolosa I, Readman JW, Mee LD (1996) Method to study the separation of eight p-hydroxyb enzoic esters by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 725:93–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turusov V, Rakitsky V, Tomatis L (2002) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Ubiquity, Persistence, and Risks. Environ Health Perspect 110(2):125–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • US EPA (1984) Test Method 608, Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, Environmental Monitoring System Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH

  • US EPA, Environmental Fate and Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs (OPPs) (1999) Sediment toxicity and fate of synthetic pyrethroids. Review of studies on partitioning, toxicity, and bioavailability of synthetic pyrethroids in sediments. January 25, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

  • Vassilakis I, Tsipi D, Scoullos M (1998) Determination of a variety of chemical classes of pesticides in surface and ground waters by off-line solid-phase extraction, gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection, and high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 823:49–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade TL, Velinsky DJ, Reinharz E, Schlekat CE (1994) Tidal river sediments in the Washington, DC area. II. Distribution and sources of organic contaminants. Estuaries 27:321–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker C, Ahmed S, Brown T, Ho SM, Hodges L, Lucier G, Russo J, Weigel N, Weise T, Vandenbergh J (1999) Species, interindividual, and tissue specificity in endocrine signaling. Environ Health Perspect 107:619–624

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan HB, Wong MK, Lim PY, Mok CY (1994) Small-scale multiresidue method for the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables. J Chromatogr A 662:147–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XT, Chu SG, Xu XB (2003) Organochlorine pesticide residues in water from Guan Ting Reservoir and Yongding River, China. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 70:351–358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan W, Xu Y, Li AH, Zhang J, Schramm KW, Kettrup A (2000) Endocrine disruption by hexochlorobenzene in crucian carp (Carrassius auratus gibelio). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 65(5):560–566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Huang J, Yu G, Hong HS (2004) Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China. Environ Pollut 130:249–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZL, Hong HS, Zhou JL, Yu G, Chen WQ, Wang XH (2002a) Transport and fate of organochlorine pesticides in River Wuchuan, Southeast China. J Environ Monit 4(3):435–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZL, Dai MH, Hong HS, Zhou JL, Yu G (2002b) Dissolved insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea. J Environ Monit 4(6):922–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZL, Hong HS, Wang XH, Lin JQ, Chen WQ, Xu L (2002c) Determination and load of Organophosphorus and Organochlorine pesticides at water from Jiulong River Estuary, China. Mar Pollut Bull 45(1–12):397–402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou J, Qin Z, Cong L, Xu X (2004) Research progress of the endorine disrupting activities of polychlorinated biphenyls. Chinese Sci Bull 49(3):215–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology, China (2003CB415005). The authors thank Mr. Zhe Cao and Dr. Ping Li from Agilent Technologies, Bejing Environment Lab, for helping with mass spectrometric confirmations. Professor Zouliang Jin is thanked for fruitful discussions and for his valuable comments on the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Rongbiao Zhao, Dr. Rusong Zhao, and Dr, Yang-zhao Sun for the help of sampling on site.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China

    Nandong Xue & Xiaobai Xu

Authors
  1. Nandong Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiaobai Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaobai Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xue, N., Xu, X. Composition, Distribution, and Characterization of Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Beijing GuanTing Reservoir (GTR). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50, 463–473 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1097-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1097-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation