In Vitro Study of Methylmercury in Blood of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Abstract

The biochemical behavior of methylmercury (MeHg) in dolphin blood was investigated in vitro. MeHg distribution between plasma and erythrocytes and its release from erythrocytes into plasma or medium without SH group was determined. At the subcellular level its distribution among different thiol-containing molecules was also investigated in erythrocytes and plasma. When blood was treated with 0.1 mM MeHg, about 98.1% was found in red cells and 1.9% in plasma; only 0.6% of MeHg present in the cellular compartment was bound to membranes.

Hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin, principal proteins containing SH groups (PSH), and glutathione (GSH) appeared to be the main targets of MeHg in dolphin blood. Gel filtration of stroma-free hemolysate of treated red blood cells (RBCs) revealed that MeHg was almost equally present in high (52.5%) and low (47.5%) molecular weight fractions, whereas in plasma it only eluted with proteins (high molecular weight fractions). Hemoglobin was identified as the main intracellular protein binding MeHg. The exchange reaction of MeHg between GSH and dolphin hemoglobin was also evaluated and the equilibrium constants calculated.