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Long Inversely Oriented Subunits Form a Complex Monomer of Tribolium brevicornis Satellite DNA

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Abstract

Highly abundant satellite DNA named TBREV is detected and characterized in the beetle Tribolium brevicornis (Insecta: Coleoptera). An outstanding peculiarity of the TBREV satellite monomer is its complex structure based on the two ∼470-bp-long subunits, inversely oriented within a 1061-bp-long monomer sequence. The proposed evolutionary history demonstrates a clear trend toward increased complexity and length of the TBREV satellite monomer. This tendency has been observed on three levels: first as direct and inverted duplications of short sequence motifs, then by inverse duplication of the ∼470-bp sequence segment, and, finally, by spread of inversely duplicated elements in a higher-order register and formation of extant monomers. Inversely oriented subunits share a similarity of 82% and have a high capacity to form a thermodynamically stable dyad structure that is, to our knowledge, the longest ever described in any satellite monomer. Analysis of divergences between inversely oriented subunits shows a tendency to a further reduction in similarity between them. Except in its centromeric localization, the TBREV satellite does not show similarity to other known Tribolium satellites, either in nucleotide sequence or in monomer length and complexity. However, TBREV shares common features of other Tribolium satellites that might be under functional constraints: nonconstant rate of evolution along the monomer sequence, short inverted repeats in the vicinity of an A+T tract, nonrandom distribution of A or T ≥3 tracts, and CENP-B box-like motifs. Although long inverted subunits might reinforce structural characteristics of the satellite monomer, their nucleotide sequence does not seem to be under constraints in order to preserve the dyad structure.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Research Fund of Republic of Croatia, project Nos. P0098075 to M. Plohl, P0098074 to Ð. Ugarković at Ruðer Bošković Institute, and P0119124 to M. Kalafatić at University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Ruðer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54,, HR-10002 , Zagreb, Croatia

    Brankica Mravinac, Ðurðica Ugarković & Miroslav Plohl

  2. Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Damjan Franjević

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  1. Brankica Mravinac
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  2. Ðurðica Ugarković
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  3. Damjan Franjević
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  4. Miroslav Plohl
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Correspondence to Miroslav Plohl.

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Mravinac, B., Ugarković, Ð., Franjević, D. et al. Long Inversely Oriented Subunits Form a Complex Monomer of Tribolium brevicornis Satellite DNA. J Mol Evol 60, 513–525 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-004-0236-z

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