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Phylogeny and Self-Splicing Ability of the Plastid tRNA-Leu Group I Intron

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Abstract

Group I introns are mobile RNA enzymes (ribozymes) that encode conserved primary and secondary structures required for autocatalysis. The group I intron that interrupts the tRNA-Leu gene in cyanobacteria and plastids is remarkable because it is the oldest known intervening sequence and may have been present in the common ancestor of the cyanobacteria (i.e., 2.7–3.5 billion years old). This intron entered the eukaryotic domain through primary plastid endosymbiosis. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the tRNA-Leu intron and tested the in vitro self-splicing ability of a diverse collection of these ribozymes to address the relationship between intron stability and autocatalysis. Our results suggest that the present-day intron distribution in plastids is best explained by strict vertical transmission, with no intron losses in land plants or a subset of the Stramenopiles (xanthophyceae/phaeophyceae) and frequent loss among green algae, as well as in the red algae and their secondary plastid derivatives (except the xanthophyceae/phaeophyceae lineage). Interestingly, all tested land plant introns could not self-splice in vitro and presumably have become dependent on a host factor to facilitate in vivo excision. The host dependence likely evolved once in the common ancestor of land plants. In all other plastid lineages, these ribozymes could either self-splice or complete only the first step of autocatalysis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant awarded to D.B. from the National Science Foundation (MCB 01-10252) and a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to T.F. (Fr 905/7-1,2). D.F. received financial support from the GlaxoSmithKline Corporation and a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid award. D.S. was supported by a Stanley Fellowship from the University of Iowa. We also thank Hwan Su Yoon (Iowa) and Peik Haugen (Iowa) for helpful discussions and technical advice.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, 210 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA

    Dawn Simon & Debashish Bhattacharya

  2. Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Experimentelle Phykologie und Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

    David Fewer & Thomas Friedl

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Simon, D., Fewer, D., Friedl, T. et al. Phylogeny and Self-Splicing Ability of the Plastid tRNA-Leu Group I Intron . J Mol Evol 57, 710–720 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-003-2533-3

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