Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for evaluation of draining veins of arteriovenous malformation: utility of magnitude images

  • Diagnostic Neuroradiology
  • Published:
Neuroradiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

The current study evaluated the signal characteristics of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) of arteriovenous malformation (AVM), especially for draining veins. For this purpose, we identified the draining veins of the AVM on angiography and evaluated the signal on magnitude image for SWI (SWI-mag) and minimum intensity projection image (SWI-minIP).

Methods

Subjects were 14 cases with angiographically proven AVM. SWI-mag, SWI-minIP, and time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography were acquired. For the draining veins of the AVM identified on angiography, we analyzed signal intensity on the images listed above, and classified it into hyperintensity (hyper), mixed intensity (mixed), hypointensity (hypo), and no visualization.

Results

On the analysis of 27 angiographically proven draining veins, 19 draining veins were classified as hyper, 3 as mixed, 0 as hypo, and 6 as no visualization on SWI-mag. On TOF images, 21 draining veins were classified as hyper, 2 as mixed, 0 as hypo, and 4 as no visualization, while 6 draining veins did not show hyperintensity on TOF, and SWI-mag visualized 3 of these 6 veins as hyper.

Conclusion

SWI-mag depicted most draining veins of AVM as hyperintensity. We speculate that this is mainly due to the higher concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and inflow effect of the draining vein. SWI-mag seems to be useful in the analysis and follow-up for AVM as the signal on the image may reflect physiological status.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ogilvy CS, Stieg PE, Awad I, Brown RD Jr, Kondziolka D, Rosenwasser R, Young WL, Hademenos G (2001) AHA Scientific Statement: recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Stroke Association. Stroke 32(6):1458–1471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yuki I, Kim RH, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Tateshima S, Gonzalez N, Gorgulho A, Diaz JL, De Salles AA, Vinuela F (2010) Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations with high-flow arteriovenous fistulas: risk and complications associated with endovascular embolization in multimodality treatment. Clinical article. J Neurosurg 113(4):715–722. doi:10.3171/2009.9.JNS081588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, Reichenbach JR (2004) Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 52(3):612–618. doi:10.1002/mrm.20198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sehgal V, Delproposto Z, Haacke EM, Tong KA, Wycliffe N, Kido DK, Xu Y, Neelavalli J, Haddar D, Reichenbach JR (2005) Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 22(4):439–450. doi:10.1002/jmri.20404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Haacke EM, Mittal S, Wu Z, Neelavalli J, Cheng YC (2009) Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30(1):19–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barnett GH, Little JR, Ebrahim ZY, Jones SC, Friel HT (1987) Cerebral circulation during arteriovenous malformation operation. Neurosurgery 20(6):836–842

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. George U, Jolappara M, Kesavadas C, Gupta AK (2010) Susceptibility-weighted imaging in the evaluation of brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurol India 58(4):608–614

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, Berenstein A, Nelson PK, Gobin YP, Pile-Spellman J, Mohr JP (2003) The New York Islands AVM Study: design, study progress, and initial results. Stroke 34(5):e29–e33. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000068784.36838.19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Al-Shahi R, Bhattacharya JJ, Currie DG, Papanastassiou V, Ritchie V, Roberts RC, Sellar RJ, Warlow CP (2003) Prospective, population-based detection of intracranial vascular malformations in adults: the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS). Stroke 34(5):1163–1169. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000069018.90456.C9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Stapf C, Labovitz DL, Sciacca RR, Mast H, Mohr JP, Sacco RL (2002) Incidence of adult brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage in a prospective population-based stroke survey. Cerebrovasc Dis 13(1):43–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Starke RM, Komotar RJ, Hwang BY, Fischer LE, Garrett MC, Otten ML, Connolly ES (2009) Treatment guidelines for cerebral arteriovenous malformation microsurgery. Br J Neurosurg 23(4):376–386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Soderman M, Andersson T, Karlsson B, Wallace MC, Edner G (2003) Management of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Eur J Radiol 46(3):195–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Starke RM, Komotar RJ, Hwang BY, Fischer LE, Otten ML, Merkow MB, Garrett MC, Isaacson SR, Connolly ES Jr (2008) A comprehensive review of radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: outcomes, predictive factors, and grading scales. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 86(3):191–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Geibprasert S, Pongpech S, Jiarakongmun P, Shroff MM, Armstrong DC, Krings T (2010) Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know. Radiographics 30(2):483–501

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gupta V, Chugh M, Walia BS, Vaishya S, Jha AN (2008) Use of CT angiography for anatomic localization of arteriovenous malformation Nidal components. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29(10):1837–1840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tanaka H, Numaguchi Y, Konno S, Shrier DA, Shibata DK, Patel U (1997) Initial experience with helical CT and 3D reconstruction in therapeutic planning of cerebral AVMs: comparison with 3D time-of-flight MRA and digital subtraction angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 21(5):811–817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsuchiya K, Katase S, Yoshino A, Hachiya J (2000) MR digital subtraction angiography of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21(4):707–711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Divani AA, Lieber BB, Wakhloo AK, Gounis MJ, Hopkins LN (2001) Determination of blood flow velocity and transit time in cerebral arteriovenous malformation using microdroplet angiography. Ann Biomed Eng 29(2):135–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Iwamura A, Taoka T, Fukusumi A, Sakamoto M, Miyasaka T, Ochi T, Akashi T, Okuchi K, Kichikawa K (2012) Diffuse vascular injury: convergent-type hemorrhage in the supratentorial white matter on susceptibility-weighted image in cases of severe traumatic brain damage. Neuroradiology. doi:10.1007/s00234-011-0892-9

Download references

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan

    Toshiteru Miyasaka, Toshiaki Taoka, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Takeshi Wada, Katsutoshi Takayama, Kaoru Myochin, Masahiko Sakamoto, Tomoko Ochi, Toshiaki Akashi & Kimihiko Kichikawa

Authors
  1. Toshiteru Miyasaka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Toshiaki Taoka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hiroyuki Nakagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Takeshi Wada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Katsutoshi Takayama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kaoru Myochin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Masahiko Sakamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tomoko Ochi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Toshiaki Akashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Kimihiko Kichikawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshiteru Miyasaka.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Miyasaka, T., Taoka, T., Nakagawa, H. et al. Application of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for evaluation of draining veins of arteriovenous malformation: utility of magnitude images. Neuroradiology 54, 1221–1227 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-012-1029-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-012-1029-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation