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Numerical investigation on the efficacy of jet obliquity for fluid flow and thermal characteristics of turbulent offset jet

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Abstract

The present numerical work reports the efficacy of jet obliquity \((\phi )\) on turbulent flow and thermal characteristics of offset jet. Moreover, the effects of variation in Reynolds number (Re) and offset ratio (OR) on different heat transfer and flow parameters of oblique offset jet have also been presented in this paper. The performances of different models of turbulence have been tested against the various experimental results for study of offset jet flow. The Reynolds number of flow and offset ratio are considered in the range of \(Re=10000-25000\) and \(OR=3-11\), respectively. The obliquity angle of offset jet is varied in the range \(\phi =90^{0}-45^{0}\) at an interval of \(15^{0}\). The detailed study of heat transfer from impingement wall has been done by considering either the isoflux or the isothermal boundary condition on the heated wall. The changes in turbulent flow pattern of offset jet due to the influence of different parameters are represented in terms of velocity magnitude contour with streamline curvature, jet reattachment length, center of vortex, distribution profiles of longitudinal \(U-\)velocity and skin friction coefficient, similarity solution and contours of longitudinal U and transverse V velocities etc.; whereas the changes in thermal behaviour are addressed in the form of local and average Nusselt number, wall temperature and wall heat flux variation plots. The exhaustive parametric study of oblique offset jet flow reveals the fact that the process of heat transfer from heated impingement wall to fluid is more intense for higher value of jet obliquity angle and Reynolds number, for lower value of offset ratio and for isoflux boundary condition. The findings of present invstigation can be used as a tool for better design and utilization of heating or cooling jets in material processing, metal, electronics and automobile industries.

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Software application (ANSYS-FLUENT).

Abbreviations

H :

Distance between bottom impingement wall and nozzle mid-point, m

k :

Turbulent kinetic energy, \(m^{2}\, s^{-2}\)

L :

Length of impingement wall, m

\(Nu_{avg}\) :

Average Nusselt number

\(Nu_{x}\) :

Local Nusselt number

\(Pr, Pr_{t}\) :

Laminar and turbulent Prandtl number, respectively

\(q_{w}\) :

Wall heat flux, \(Wm^{-2}\)

Re :

Reynolds number, \(\rho u_{0}w/\mu\)

T :

Temperature, K

\(T_{w}\) :

Wall temperature, K

U, V :

Dimensionless longitudinal and transverse velocities, respectively, \(U=u/{u_{0}},V=v/{u_{0}}\)

u, v :

Longitudinal and transverse velocities, respectively, \(m\, s^{-1}\)

\(u_{\tau }\) :

Friction velocity, \(\sqrt{\tau _{w}/\rho }\), \(m\, s^{-1}\)

\(U_{max}\) :

Dimensionless maximum longitudinal velocity, \({u_{max}}/{u_{0}}\)

\(u_{max}\) :

Maximum longitudinal velocity, \(m\, s^{-1}\)

w :

Nozzle width, m

X, Y :

Dimensionless longitudinal and transverse coordinates, respectively, \(X=x/w,Y=y/w\)

x, y :

Longitudinal and transverse coordinates, respectively, m

\(X_{rp}\) :

Dimensionless reattachment length, \(x_{rp}/w\)

\(x_{rp}\) :

Reattachment length, m

\(y^{+}\) :

Dimensionless distance, \(yu_{\tau }\rho /\mu\)

\(Y_{0.5}\) :

Dimensionlessl distance in Y-direction, where \(U=U_{max}/2\)

\({p_{a}}\) :

Ambient pressure, Pa

p :

Static pressure, Pa

\({u_{0}}\) :

Jet inlet velocity, \(m\, s^{-1}\)

\(\epsilon\) :

Dissipation rate, \(m^{2}\, s^{-3}\)

\(\mu ,\,\mu _{t}\) :

Laminar and turbulent dynamic viscosity, respectively, \(kg\, m^{-1}\, s^{-1}\)

\(\omega\) :

Specific dissipation rate, \(s^{-1}\)

\(\phi\) :

Jet inclination or obliquity angle

\(\rho\) :

Fluid density, \(kg\, m^{-3}\)

\(\tau _{w}\) :

Wall shear stress, Pa

\(C_{fx}\) :

Skin friction coefficient, \(\tau _{w}/\frac{1}{2}\rho u_{0}^{2}\)

max :

Maximum

n :

Dimensionless quantity

vc :

Vortex center

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 800005, India

    Sanjay Singh Rathore & Suresh Kant Verma

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  1. Sanjay Singh Rathore
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  2. Suresh Kant Verma
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Correspondence to Sanjay Singh Rathore or Suresh Kant Verma.

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Rathore, S.S., Verma, S.K. Numerical investigation on the efficacy of jet obliquity for fluid flow and thermal characteristics of turbulent offset jet. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 1223–1246 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-021-03156-0

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