Abstract
The present work studies the outcome of various piston bowl geometries like shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC), toroidal shaped combustion chamber (TCC) and hemispherical shaped combustion chamber (HCC) in a compression ignition engine energized with diesel and grapeseed oil methyl ester with nano additives. The non-edible oil selected for the present investigation is grapeseed oil which was derived from winery waste. After single step transesterification with sodium hydroxide and methanol, grapeseed oil methyl ester was produced, and 100% of this biodiesel was further blended with optimized Zinc oxide nano particles of 100 ppm to reduce the NO emissions. Tests were conducted in 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm, single cylinder diesel engine. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics were studied for three sorts of combustion chamber geometry using grapeseed oil biodiesel with zinc oxide nano particles. Brake thermal efficiency turned out to be higher for toroidal combustion chamber in comparison with the other two designs of combustion chamber geometry. Also, other emissions like CO, HC and smoke were lower with toroidal shaped combustion chamber geometry. Considering the engine analysis, the toroidal shaped combustion chamber geometry was found to be better than shallow depth and hemispherical combustion chamber at all operating load conditions. The NO emissions were also found to be 13.2% lesser at full load operation for grapeseed oil methyl ester with zinc oxide nano particle blend.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- TCC:
-
Toroidal shaped combustion chamber
- HCC:
-
Hemispherical shaped combustion chamber
- SCC:
-
Shallow depth combustion chamber
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- UBHC:
-
Unburned hydrocarbons
- NOx:
-
Oxides of nitrogen
- CI:
-
Compression ignition
- CFD:
-
Computational fluid dynamics
- GSBD:
-
Grapeseed oil biodiesel
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
- BSFC:
-
Brake specific fuel consumption
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- GSBD ZnO 100:
-
Grapeseed oil biodiesel with 100 ppm of zinc oxide nano emulsion
- GSBD ZnO HCC:
-
Grapeseed oil biodiesel with 100 ppm of zinc oxide nano emulsion in hemispherical shape
- GSBD ZnO TCC:
-
Grapeseed oil biodiesel with 100 ppm of zinc oxide nano emulsion in toroidal shape
- GSBD ZnO SCC:
-
Grapeseed oil biodiesel with 100 ppm of zinc oxide nano emulsion in shallow depth shape
References
Khond VW, Kriplani VM (2016) Effect of nanofluid additives on performances and emissions of emulsified diesel and biodiesel fueled stationary CI engine: a comprehensive review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 59:1338–1348
(2014) Executive summary: short-term energy outlook, analysis and projections. A Report of International Energy Agency, OECD/IEA. http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm
Purushothaman K, Nagarajan G (2009) Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on neat orange oil. Renew Energy 34(1):242–245
Rakopoulos DC (2013) Combustion and emissions of cottonseed oil and its bio-diesel in blends with either n-butanol or diethyl ether in HSDI diesel engine. Fuel 105:603–613
Kasiraman G, Edwin Geo V, Nagalingam B (2016) Assessment of cashew nut shell oil as an alternate fuel for CI (compression ignition) engines. Energy 101:402–410
Ashok B, ThundilKaruppa Raj R, Nanthagopal K, Krishnan R, Subbarao R (2017) Lemon peel oil - a novel renewable alternative energy source for diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 139:110–121
Dhinesh B, Lalvani JIJ, Parthasarathy M, Annamalai K (2016) An assessment on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine powered by Cymbopogon flexuosus biofuel. Energy Convers Manag 117:466–474
Prakash T, Edwin Geo V, Leenus Jesu Martin M, Nagalingam B (2018) Effect of ternary blends of bio-ethanol, diesel and castor oil on performance, emission and combustion in a CI engine. Renew Energy 122:301–309
Nabi MN, Rasul MG (2018) Influence of second-generation biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. Energy Convers Manag 169:326–333
Abed KA, El Morsi AK, Sayed MM, El Shaib AA, Gad MS (2018) Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Egypt J Pet 27:985–989
Banapurmath NR, Chavan AS, Bansode SB, Patil S, Naveen G et al (2015) Effect of combustion chamber shapes on the performance of Mahua and neem biodiesel operated diesel engines. J Pet Environ Biotechnol 6:230
Jaichandar S, Annamalai K (2013) Combined impact of injection pressure and combustion chamber geometry on the performance of a biodiesel fueled diesel engine. Energy 55:330–339
Zhu Y, Zhao H, Melas DA, Ladommatos N (2004) Computational study of the effects of the re-entrant lip shape and toroidal radii of piston bowl on a HSDI diesel engine’s performance and emissions. SAE technical paper. 2004-01-0118
Prasad BV, Sharma CS, Anand TN, Ravikrishna RV (2011) High swirl-inducing piston bowls in small diesel engines for emission reduction. Appl Energy 88(7):2355–2367
Shi Y, Reitz RD (2008) Optimization study of the effects of bowl geometry, spray targeting, and swirl ratio for a heavy-duty diesel engine operated at low and high load. Int J Engine Res 9:325–346
Dolak JG, Shi Y, Reitz RD (2010) A computational investigation of stepped-bowl piston geometry for a light duty engine operating at low load. SAE technical paper. 2010-01-1263
Praveena V, Martin LJ (2018) A review on various after treatment techniques to reduce NOx emissions in a CI engine. J Energy Inst 91(5):704–720
Praveena V, Martin LJ (2018) Design optimization of urea injectors and mixers in a compact SCR system (no. 2018-28-0025). SAE Technical Paper
Kumar V, Jnawali P, Handa V, Kaur G, Kaur S, Tanwar B, Mwendivwa Precieuse K, Vyas G (2016) A brief overview of Indian wines and wineries. Processed Food Industry 19:24–29
Bayrak E (2013) Utilization of wine waste for fermentative processes. MS thesis. Izmir Institute of Technology
Chelladorai P et al (2018) Synergistic effect of hydrogen induction with biofuel obtained from winery waste (grapeseed oil) for CI engine application. Int J Hydrog Energy 43:12473–12490
Bolonio D, García-Martínez M-J, Ortega MF, Lapuerta M, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Canoira L (2019) Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) obtained from grapeseed oil: a fully renewable biofuel. Renew Energy 132:278–283
Subramanian T, Varuvel EG, Ganapathy S, Vedharaj S, Vallinayagam R (2018) Role of fuel additives on reduction of NO X emission from a diesel engine powered by camphor oil biofuel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(16):15368–15377
Shivashimpi MM, Alur SA, Topannavar SN, Dodamani BM (2018) Combined effect of combustion chamber shapes and nozzle geometry on the performance and emission characteristics of C.I. engine operated on pongamia. Energy 154:17–26
Ashok B, Nanthagopal N, Mohan A, Johny A, Tamilarasu A (2017) Comparative analysis on the effect of zinc oxide and Ethanox as additives with biodiesel in CI engine. Energy 140:352–364
Viswanathan K, Pasupathy B (2017) Studies on piston bowl geometries using single blend ratio of various non-edible oils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:17068
Acknowledgments
The authors would thank the SRM Institution for carrying out this work under the Selective Excellence Research funding scheme.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vedagiri, P., Martin, L.J. & Varuvel, E.G. Characterization study on performance, combustion and emission of nano additive blends of grapeseed oil methyl ester fuelled CI engine with various piston bowl geometries. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 715–726 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02740-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02740-9