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A 3-D numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow through femoral artery bifurcation with a moderate arteriosclerosis: investigating Newtonian/non-Newtonian flow and its effects on elastic vessel walls

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Abstract

In this study, a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation of the blood flow in the femoral artery with a small occlusion is presented. For a more accurate simulation of the real conditions, computerized tomography (CT) scan was used to obtain a 3-D model of leg blood vessels, while the vessel was modeled as an isotropic elastic wall. By assuming a heartbeat period of 0.5 s, the inlet condition was considered as a time-dependent pulse using a non-Newtonian flow model. Blood flow was assumed nonlinear and incompressible, and Carreau model was used for blood rheological model.

By considering unstable blood flow at the inlet, the involved hemodynamic parameters are velocity profile, vortices shapes, pressure drop, and streamlines. Furthermore, to determine the relationship between flow geometry and the vascular wall, wall shear stress (WSS) was calculated.

By taking the real geometry of the vessel and fluidity of blood into account, comparison of computational results indicated a significant difference in velocity distribution and shear stress depending on whether the fluid-structure interaction is considered Newtonian or non-Newtonian. The results showed that employing Newtonian models for the blood flow does not lead to promising results at occluded areas and beyond them.

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Abbreviations

X, Y, Z:

Coordinates

Uf :

Velocity vector (m/s)

ρf :

Blood density (kg/m3)

σ f :

Stress tensor

p :

Blood pressure (Pa)

I :

Identity matrix

\( {\eta}_f\left(\dot{\gamma}\right) \) :

Blood viscosity (Ns/m2)

\( \dot{\gamma} \) :

Shear strain

η 0 f :

Zero strain viscosity (Pa. s)

η ∞ f :

Infinite strain viscosity (Pa. s)

n :

Empirical exponent

λ f :

Time constant (s)

E :

Young module (N/m2)

ν :

Poisson ratio

ρ s :

Artery density (kg/m3)

L s :

Artery wall displacement (m)

\( {d}_i^f \) :

Fluid displacement at FSI (m)

\( {d}_i^s \) :

Artery displacement at FSI (m)

m :

Normal vector at FSI

t :

Time (s)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Mohammad Hassan Amiri & Ahmad Keshavarzi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Arash Karimipour

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mehdi Bahiraei

  4. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Marjan Goodarzi

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1111, Mashhad, Iran

    J. A. Esfahani

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hassan Amiri
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  2. Ahmad Keshavarzi
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  3. Arash Karimipour
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  4. Mehdi Bahiraei
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Correspondence to Marjan Goodarzi.

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Amiri, M.H., Keshavarzi, A., Karimipour, A. et al. A 3-D numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow through femoral artery bifurcation with a moderate arteriosclerosis: investigating Newtonian/non-Newtonian flow and its effects on elastic vessel walls. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 2037–2047 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02583-4

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